Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown clade] Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown clade] Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown clade] Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown clade] Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
[node-based clade] Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
[branch-based clade] Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
[branch-based clade] Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
[branch-based clade] Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Craniata auct.
Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
[total clade] Pan-Gnathostomata Downs 2020
Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Eugnathostomata
[total clade] Pan-Osteichthyes Rowe 2004 [Moore & Near 2020]
[crown clade] Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [Moore & Near 2020]
[total clade] Pan-Sarcopterygii
[crown clade] Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Dipnotetrapodomorpha Nelson, 2006
[crown clade] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Osteolepidida Boulenger 1901 [Cloutier & Ahlberg 1996]
Eotetrapodiformes Coates & Friedman, 2010
Elpistostegalia Camp & Allison, 1961
[branch-based clade] Stegocephali Cope 1868 [Laurin 2020]
[node-based clade] Labyrinthodontia Owen 1859 [Laurin 2020]
[crown clade] Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Laurin 2020]
[total clade] Pan-Amniota Rowe 2004 [Laurin & Smithson 2020]
Batrachosauria
[crown clade] Amniota Haeckel 1866 [Laurin & Reisz 2020]
Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
Eureptilia Olson, 1947
Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
[apomorphy-based clade] Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020]
[crown clade] Neodiapsida Benton 1985
[total clade] Pan-Archelosauria W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021, sedis mutabilis
[crown clade] Archelosauria N.G. Crawford, J.F. Parham, A.B. Sellas, B.C. Faircloth, T.C. Glenn, T.J. Papenfuss, ..., W.B. Simison 2015 [W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021]
[total clade] Pan-Archosauria Gauthier 2020
[node-based clade] Archosauromorpha von Huene 1946 [Gauthier 2020]
[branch-based clade] Crocopoda Ezcurra 2016
[node-based clade] Archosauriformes Gauthier 1994 [Gauthier 2020]
[node-based clade] Crurotarsi Sereno & Arcucci 1990
[crown clade] Archosauria Cope 1869 [Gauthier & Padian 2020]
[total clade] Pan-Aves Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Ornithodira Gauthier 1986 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
[branch-based clade] Dinosauromorpha Benton 1985 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
[node-based clade] Dinosauriformes Novas 1992 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
[branch-based clade] Dracohors Cau 2018
[node-based clade] Dinosauria Owen 1842 [Langer, Novas, Bittencourt, Ezcurra & Gauthier 2020]
[branch-based clade] Saurischia Seeley 1888 [Gauthier, Langer, Novas, Bittencourt & Ezcurra 2020]
[node-based clade] Eusaurischia Padian et al. 1999
[branch-based clade] Theropoda Marsh 1881 [Naish, Cau, Holtz Jr., Fabbri & Gauthier 2020]
[node-based clade] Neotheropoda Bakker 1986 [Sereno 1998]
Averostra Paul 2002
[branch-based clade] Tetanurae Gauthier 1986
[node-based clade] Orionides Carrano, Benson & Sampson 2012
Avetheropoda Paul 1988 [Padian et al. 1999]
[branch-based clade] Coelurosauria Huene 1914 [Gauthier 1986]
[node-based clade] Tyrannoraptora Sereno 1999, nom. cl. inval.
[node-based clade] Maniraptoriformes Holtz 1995 [Holtz 1996]
Maniraptora Gauthier 1986
Pennaraptora Foth et al. 2014
[branch-based clade] Paraves Sereno 1997 [Sereno 1998]
[branch-based clade] Avialae Gauthier 1986
Aves Linnaeus, 1758
[node-based clade] Pygostylia Chatterjee 1997 [Chiappe 2001]
[node-based clade] Ornithothoraces Chiappe 1995
[node-based clade] Ornithuromorpha Chiappe 2001
[node-based clade] Ornithurae Haeckel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] {Chiappe 1991}
[apomorphy-based clade] Carinatae Merrem 1813 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001]
[crown clade] Neornithes Gadow, 1893 - living birds
Neognathae Pycraft, 1900
Neoaves Sibley et al., 1988
Terrestrornithes B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007
Dendrornithes Verheyen, 1961
Anomalogonates Garrod, 1874
Pico-clamatores B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007
Passerimorphae Sibley et al., 1988
Passeriformes Linnaeus, 1758
Passeres (C. Linnaeus, 1758) C. Linnaeus, 1766
Passerida (C. Linnaeus, 1758) Sibley et al., 1988
Sylvioidea
Paridae Vigors, 1825 - tits, chickadees
Parus Linnaeus, 1758
Parus carolinensis Audubon, 1834 - carolina chickadee
Parus carolinensis impiger Bangs, 1903