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Monophyletic taxon: Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians (animal)
 Entity: 

Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia

Phylogeny

Holophyletic Ref: G. Giribet et al., 2000: 544.

Current position

Planulozoa (Clade) Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004 Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a. [indirect]

Alternative positions

Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36).

Historical positions

Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36).
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: table 1 (p. 208), table 4 (p. 235).
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1993b: table 1 (p. 955).

Number of Subtaxa

2026 Available in Systema Naturae 2000 29p;84c;513o;5919f;80,102g;211,919s;28,283ss;465v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;518s;110ss;1v; †2p;60c;495o;3127f;12,866g;5234s;107ss;2v;104
1989-present Systema Naturae 2000 32p
2015b M.A. Ruggiero et al.: table 2 (p. 54) [30p]
1998 T. Cavalier-Smith [17p]
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Last updated: 28 Aug 2026