living organisms see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Superkingdom Eukaryotae see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
       Subkingdom Eumetazoa Butschli, 1910 see [unranked] Eumetazoa Bütschli, 1910
         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
           Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates see Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801
             Class Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 - bony fishes and tetrapods see Clade Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [Moore & Near 2020]
               Subclass Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes see Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
                 Order Cypriniformes Bleeker, 1859 - carps, loaches, minnows, and relatives
                   Suborder Characoidei
                     01 Family Characidae Latreille, 1825 - characids
                     02 Family Erythrinidae Valenciennes, 1847 - trahiras
                     03 Family Ctenoluciidae Schultz, 1944 - pike characids
                     04 Family Hepsetidae Hubbs, 1939 (1909) - African pikes
                     05 Family Characidiidae see Subfamily Characidiinae Fowler, 1932
                     06 Family Serrasalmidae Bleeker, 1859 - piranhas and allies
                     07 Family Alestidae Cockerell, 1910 - African tetras
                     08 Family Crenuchidae Günther, 1864 - crenuchids
                     09 Family Lebiasinidae Gill, 1889 - lebiasinids
                     10 Family Gasteropelecidae Bleeker, 1859 - freshwater hatchetfishes
                     11 Family Curimatidae Gill, 1858 - toothless characiforms
                     12 Family Anostomidae Günther, 1864 - toothed headstanders
                     13 Family Hemiodidae see Family Hemiodontidae Bleeker, 1859
                     14 Family Citharinidae Günther, 1864 - citharinids
                     16 Family Gymnotidae Rafinesque, 1815 - gymnotid eels
                     18 Family Electrophoridae Gill, 1872 - electric knifefishes see Subfamily Electrophorinae Gill, 1872