Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Actinopteri - (Order) Perciformes

Current position

Gasterosteoidei (Suborder)

Ref: J.S. Nelson et al., 2016: 483; ECoF(14 Mar 2025).

Alternative positions

Gasterosteales (Infraorder)	Ref: R. van der Laan, 2018: 86.
Gasterosteiformes (Order) Gill, 1872	Ref: W.N. Eschmeyer & J.D. Fong, 2011: 33.
Gasterosteioidei (Suborder) nom. imperf., nom. null.	Ref: R.A. Fritzsche, 1982: 904.
Gasterosteoidea (Superfamily) Pietsch, 1978

Historical positions

Gasterosteales (Infraorder)	Ref: R. van der Laan, 2018: 86.
Gasterosteales (Infraorder)	Ref: R. Betancur-R et al., 2017: 31.
Gasterosteoidei (Suborder)	Ref: J.S. Nelson et al., 2016: 483-484.
Gasterosteiformes (Order) Gill, 1872	Ref: W.N. Eschmeyer, 2004-2016: 24 Jan 2006. [implicit]
Gasterosteiformes (Order) Gill, 1872	Ref: W.N. Eschmeyer & J.D. Fong, 2011: 33.
Gasterosteoidei (Suborder)	Ref: E.O. Wiley & G.D. Johnson, 2010: 154.
Gasterosteoidei (Suborder)	Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 309-310.
Gasterosteiformes (Order) Gill, 1872	Ref: N. Bailly et al., 2001: 368.
Gasterosteiformes (Order) Gill, 1872	Ref: 1998
Gasterosteiformes (Order) Gill, 1872	Ref: W.N. Eschmeyer, 1998: 2471.
Gasterosteiformes (Order) Gill, 1872	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 608.
Gasterosteioidei (Suborder) nom. imperf., nom. null.	Ref: R.A. Fritzsche, 1982: 904-905.
Gasterosteiformes (Order) Gill, 1872	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 686.
Gasterosteoidei (Suborder)	Ref: B. Grzimek, 1973-1975

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	5g;14s;3ss; †1s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 29 Aug 2025	[5g;14s;3ss]
2011	W.N. Eschmeyer & J.D. Fong: 33	5g;18s
2006	J.S. Nelson: 309	[5g;8s]
1982	R.A. Fritzsche: 905	5g;8s