Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Actinopteri

Phylogeny

Probably Paraphyletic/Ancestral (para)

Ref: J.S. Nelson et al., 2016: 430 ("likely").

Subsequent positions

Percomorphacea (Division) Wiley & Johnson, 2010

Ref: E.O. Wiley & G.D. Johnson, 2010: 166.

Subsequent entries

Bembropoidei (Suborder) Betancur-R., Wiley, Arratia, Acero, Bailly, Miya, Lecointre & Ortí, 2017

Ref: R. Betancur-R et al., 2017: 30.

Current position

Eupercaria (Series)

Ref: R. van der Laan, 2018: 85.

Alternative positions

Acanthopterygii (Superorder) Rosen & Patterson, 1969	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 686.
Actinopteri (Class) Cope, 1871	Ref: R. van der Laan et al., 2021: (14 Mar 2025); ECoF(14 Mar 2025).
Actinopterygii (Subclass) Woodward, 1891	Ref: R.A. Fritzsche, 1982: 913.
Actinopterygii (Class) Woodward, 1891	Ref: W.N. Eschmeyer & J.D. Fong, 2011: 34.
Osteichthyes (Class) Huxley, 1880	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 314.
Percomorpha (Series)	Ref: J.S. Nelson et al., 2016: 430.
Percomorphacea (Division) Wiley & Johnson, 2010	Ref: E.O. Wiley & G.D. Johnson, 2010: 128. [new position]

Historical positions

Eupercaria (Series)	Ref: R. van der Laan, 2018: 85.
Eupercaria (Series)	Ref: R. Betancur-R et al., 2017: 30.
Percomorpha (Series)	Ref: J.S. Nelson et al., 2016: 430.
Actinopterygii (Class) Woodward, 1891	Ref: W.N. Eschmeyer, 2004-2016: 24 Jan 2006.
Actinopterygii (Class) Woodward, 1891	Ref: W.N. Eschmeyer & J.D. Fong, 2011: 34.
Percomorphacea (Division) Wiley & Johnson, 2010	Ref: E.O. Wiley & G.D. Johnson, 2010: 128, 166. [new position]
Percomorpha (Series)	Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 339-341, fig. (p. 262).
Percomorpha (Series)	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 392.
Osteichthyes (Class) Huxley, 1880	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 314.
Osteichthyes (Class) Huxley, 1880	Ref: N. Bailly et al., 2001: 369.
Actinopterygii (Class) Woodward, 1891	Ref: W.N. Eschmeyer, 1998: 2475.
Actinopterygii (Class) Woodward, 1891	Ref: 1998
Percomorpha (Series)	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 609.
Actinopterygii (Subclass) Woodward, 1891	Ref: R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1979-1984
Actinopterygii (Subclass) Woodward, 1891	Ref: R.A. Fritzsche, 1982: 913.
Acanthopterygii (Superorder) Rosen & Patterson, 1969	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 686.
Teleostei (Superorder) Bonaparte, 1836	Ref: B. Grzimek, 1973-1975

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	56f;553g;2741s;41ss;1v; ‡1s; †4f;15g;1s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 3 Sep 2025	[56f;553g; †4f]
2018	R. van der Laan: 86	[62f; †4f]
2017	R. Betancur-R et al.: 32	[61f]
2016	J.S. Nelson et al.: 467	[62f]
2004-2016	W.N. Eschmeyer	[155f]
2011	W.N. Eschmeyer & J.D. Fong: 34	21so;[161f]
2010	E.O. Wiley & G.D. Johnson: 166	~90[?]f
2006	J.S. Nelson: 441	[160f; †8f]
2000		323s; †45s
1998	W.N. Eschmeyer	154f
1988	R.L. Carroll: 611	[142[141]f; †3f]
1982	R.A. Fritzsche: 913	20so;150f;1257g;>6800s
1979	T.I. Storer et al.	18so>100f>8,000s