Period: 416 million to 398 million years ago.
†Antineosteus (Genus) H. Lelièvre, 1984
†Antineosteus lehmani H. Lelièvre, 1984
†Atlantidosteus hollardi H. Lelièvre, 1984
†Buchanosteus (Genus) Stensiö, 1945
†Furcacauda (Genus) Wilson & Caldwell, 1998
†Kenichthys (Genus) Chang Mee-mann & Zhu Min, 1993
†Kenichthys campbelli
†Pedavis (Genus) Klapper & Philip, 1971
†Porolepis (Genus) Woodward, 1891
Lower limit:
†Atlantidosteus (Genus) H. Lelièvre, 1984
†Ptyctodontida (Order)
Within limits:
Chimaeridae (Family) - shortnose chimaeras
†Hibbardellina (Order)
Within limits:
Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Entire range:
†Rhyniella (Genus) Hirst & Maulik, 1926
†Rhyniognatha (Genus) Tillyard, 1928
†Rhyniognatha hirsti R.J. Tillyard, 1926
Lower limit:
Insecta (Class) C. Linnaeus, 1758 - insects
Within limits:
Pterygota (Infraclass)
Entire range:
†Beyrichia (Genus) McCoy, 1846
Within limits:
Bairdia (Genus) McCoy, 1844
Branchiopoda (Class) Latreille, 1817 - branchiopods
Cephalocarida (Class) H.L. Sanders, 1955 - cephalocarids
Lepadomorpha (Suborder) Pilsbry, 1916
Malacostraca (Class) Latreille, 1802
Myodocopida (Order) Sars, 1866
Ostracoda (Class) Latreille, 1802 - ostracods
Peracarida (Superorder) Calman, 1904
Phyllocarida (Subclass) Packard, 1879 - leptostracans
Platycopida (Order) Sars, 1866
Podocopida (Order) (Sars, 1866) G.W. Müller, 1894
Entire range:
†Alkenia (Genus) Stormer, 1970
†Archidesmida (Order) H.M. Wilson & L.I. Anderson, 2004
†Archidesmidae (Family) Scudder, 1885
†Archidesmus (Genus) Peach, 1882
†Archidesmus macnicoli Peach, 1882
†Palaeodesmus (Genus) H.M. Wilson & L.I. Anderson, 2004
†Palaeodesmus tuberculata (S.G. Brade-Birks, 1923) H.M. Wilson & L.I. Anderson, 2004
†Terataspis (Genus) Hall, 1863
†Terataspis grandis (Hall, 1863)
†Waeringoscorpio (Genus) Størmer, 1970
Lower limit:
Collembola (Order) Lubbock, 1870 - springtails
Entognatha (Class)
Within limits:
Arachnida (Class) Cuvier, 1812
Arthropoda (Phylum) Latreille, 1829 - arthropods
Chelicerata (Superclass)
Eupodidae (Family) C.L. Koch, 1842
†Lichidae (Family)
Opiliones (Order) Sundevall, 1833 - harvestmen
Pantopoda (Order) Gerstäcker, 1863
†Phalangiotarbida (Order) Haase, 1890
Progoneata
Pseudoscorpiones (Order) De Geer, 1778
Scorpiones (Order) C.L. Koch, 1837 - scorpions
†Styginidae (Family)
†Trigonotarbida (Order) Petrunkevitch, 1949
†Uraraneida (Order) Selden & Shear, 2008
Xiphosura (Class) Latreille, 1802 - horseshoe crabs
Xiphosurida (Order) Latreille, 1802
Lower limit:
†Ammonoidea (Subclass)
Coleoidea (Subclass) Bather, 1888
Within limits:
†Actinoceratoidea (Subclass)
†Bactritoidea (Subclass)
Bivalvia (Class) C. Linnaeus, 1758 - bivalves
†Bransonia (Genus) Pojeta & Runnegar, 1976
Cephalopoda (Class) Cuvier, 1797 - cephalopods
†Conocardioida (Order) Neumayr, 1891
†Cyrtonellida (Order)
Gastropoda (Class) Cuvier, 1795 - snails and slugs
†Hippocardia (Genus) Brown, 1843
†Hyolithida (Order) Matthew, 1899
†Murchisonia (Genus)
Nautiloidea (Subclass) Agassiz, 1847
Nautilus (Genus) C. Linnaeus, 1758
Patellina (Suborder) von Ihering, 1876
†Platyceras (Genus) Conrad, 1840
†Rostroconchia (Class) Pojeta et al., 1972
Scaphopoda (Class) Bronn, 1862 - tusk shells
Within limits:
Polychaeta (Class) Grube, 1850 - polychaetes
Spirorbis (Genus) Daudin, 1800
Upper limit:
†Ancistrorhynchoidea (Superfamily)
†Camerelloidea (Superfamily)
†Cyrtioidea (Superfamily) Fredericks, 1919
†Diploporita (Class)
†Graptoloidea (Order)
†Homoiostelea (Class)
†Orthidina (Suborder)
†Orthoidea (Superfamily)
†Retzielloidea (Superfamily)
†Syntrophiidina (Suborder)
Entire range:
†Anostylostroma jewetti Conrad
†Cladopora (Genus) Hall, 1851
†Favosites conicus Hall
†Habrostroma centrotum (Girty)
†Habrostroma microporum (Girty)
†Hadrophyllum d'orbignyi Edwards & Haime
†Mongolospiroidea (Superfamily)
†Monograptus hercynicus
†Monograptus hercynicus nevadaensis
†Monograptus uniformis
†Monograptus yukonensis
†Parallelostroma foveolatum Girty
†Parallelostroma microporum Girty
†Syringopora (Genus) Goldfuss, 1826
†Syringopora perelegans Billings
Lower limit:
†Brachythyridoidea (Superfamily)
†Cryptonelloidea (Superfamily)
†Cyrtinidina (Suborder)
†Cyrtinoidea (Superfamily)
†Cyrtospiriferoidea (Superfamily)
†Dielasmatoidea (Superfamily)
Lingula (Genus) Bruguière, 1797
†Linoproductoidea (Superfamily)
†Michelinia (Genus) Koninck, 1841
†Productida (Order)
†Productidina (Suborder)
†Productoidea (Superfamily)
Pugnacoidea (Superfamily)
†Spiriferinida (Order)
†Stenoscismatoidea (Superfamily)
†Strophalosiidina (Suborder)
†Strophalosioidea (Superfamily)
Terebratulida (Order)
Terebratulidina (Suborder)
†Theodossioidea (Superfamily)
Within limits:
Acrotretida (Order) Kuhn, 1949
†Acrotretoidea (Superfamily)
†Adolfioidea (Superfamily)
†Ambocoelioidea (Superfamily)
Amphidiscophora (Subclass) F.E. von Schulze, 1887
Amphidiscosida (Order) Schrammen
Annelida (Phylum) Lamarck, 1809 - segmented worms
†Anthaspidellidae (Family) Miller, 1889
Anthozoa (Class) Ehrenberg, 1831
Asteroidea (Class) - sea stars
†Astraeospongiidae (Family) de Laubenfels, 1955
†Astylospongiidae (Family) Rauff, 1893
†Athyridida (Order)
†Athyrididina (Suborder)
†Athyridoidea (Superfamily)
†Atrypida (Order)
†Atrypidina (Suborder)
†Atrypoidea (Superfamily)
†Blastoidea (Class)
Brachiopoda (Phylum) Duméril, 1806 - brachiopods
Calcarea (Class) Bowerbank, 1864 - calcareous sponges
†Camarotoechioidea (Superfamily)
†Camerates (Subclass)
Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1973
†Chiastoclonellidae (Family) de Laubenfels, 1955
†Chileata (Class)
†Chilidiopsoidea (Superfamily)
†Chonetidina (Suborder)
†Chonetoidea (Superfamily) Bronn, 1862
Clionaidae (Family) d'Orbigny, 1851
†Clorindoidea (Superfamily)
†Cnemidiastridae (Family) Schrammen, 1936
Cnidaria (Phylum) Hatschek, 1888 - cnidarians
†Conulariida (Order) Miller & Gurley, 1896
†Conulata (Class) Moore & Harrington, 1956
Craniata (Class) Williams, Carlson, Brunton, Holmer & Popov, 1996
Craniida (Order) Waagen, 1885
Craniidae (Family) Menke, 1828
Craniiformea (Subphylum) Popov, Bassett, Holmer & Laurie, 1993
Cranioidea (Superfamily) Menke, 1828
†Craniopsida (Order) Gorjansky & Popov, 1985
†Craniopsidae (Family) Williams, 1963
†Craniopsoidea (Superfamily) Williams, 1963
Crinoidea (Class) - sea lilies and feather stars
†Cryptostomata (Order)
Ctenophora (Phylum) Eschscholtz, 1829 - comb jellies
Ctenostomata (Order) Busk, 1852
†Cyclocystoidea (Class)
†Cystoporata (Order)
†Dalmanellidina (Suborder)
†Dalmanelloidea (Superfamily)
†Davidsoniidina (Suborder)
†Davidsonioidea (Superfamily)
†Delthyridina (Suborder)
†Delthyridoidea (Superfamily)
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1875 - demosponges
†Dendroidea (Order)
†Dictyonellida (Order)
†Dictyospongiidae (Family) Hall, 1882
†Dictyospongioidea (Suborder) Hall & Clarke, 1899
†Dierespongioidea (Suborder) Rigby, 1976
Discinidae (Family)
Discinoidea (Superfamily)
†Echinocystitoida (Order)
Echinodermata (Phylum) Klein, 1734 ex De Brugière, 1789 - echinoderms
Echinoidea (Class) - sea urchins and sand dollars
Ectoprocta (Phylum) Nitsche, 1870 - ectoprocts
†Edrioasteroidea (Class)
†Eichwaldioidea (Superfamily)
†Enteletoidea (Superfamily)
†Eurypterida (Order) Burmeister, 1843 - eurypterids
†Fenestrata (Order)
†Flexibles (Subclass)
†Graptolithina (Class)
Gymnolaemata (Class)
†Gypiduloidea (Superfamily)
Hadromerida (Order) Topsent, 1898
†Haplistiidae (Family) de Laubenfels, 1955
Hemichordata (Phylum) (Bateson, 1885) auct. - hemichordates
†Heteractinida (Order) Hinde, 1888
Hexactinellida (Class) O. Schmidt, 1870 - hexactinellids
Hexasterophora (Subclass) F.E. von Schulze, 1887
Holothuroidea (Class) - sea cucumbers
†Homalozoa (Subphylum) Whitehouse, 1941
Hydrozoa (Class) Owen, 1843
†Hyolithes (Genus) Eichwald, 1840
†Inadunates (Subclass)
Lingulata (Class)
Lingulida (Order) Waagen, 1885
Linguliformea (Subphylum)
Linguloidea (Superfamily) Menke, 1828
†Lissatrypidina (Suborder)
†Lissatrypoidea (Superfamily)
Lithistida (Order) Schmidt, 1870 - lithistids
†Lobopodia (Phylum) Snodgrass, 1938 - lobopodians
Lyssacinosida (Order) (Zittel, 1877) W.D. Hartman, in S.P. Parker, 1982
†Martinioidea (Superfamily)
†Meristelloidea (Superfamily)
Mollusca (Phylum) Linnaeus, 1758 - molluscs
Monoplacophora (Class) Odhner, 1940 - monoplacophorans
†Nucleospiroidea (Superfamily)
†Obolidae (Family)
†Ophiocistioidea (Class)
Ophiuroidea (Class) - brittle stars and basket stars
†Orchocladina (Suborder) Rauff, 1893
†Orthida (Order) Schuchert & Cooper, 1932
†Orthotetida (Order)
†Orthotetidina (Suborder)
†Orthothecida (Order) Marek, 1966
†Palaechinoida (Order)
†Palaferelloidea (Superfamily)
†Pentamerida (Order)
†Pentameridina (Suborder)
Platyasterida (Order)
†Plectambonitoidea (Superfamily)
Polyplacophora (Class) Blainville, 1816 - chitons
Porifera (Phylum) Grant, in Todd, 1836 - sponges
†Procoelomata (Phylum) Bergström, 1989
†Protorthida (Order)
†Protospongioidea (Suborder) Finks, 1960
Pterobranchia (Class) - pterobranchs
Pycnogonida (Class) Latreille, 1810 - pycnogonids
†Reticularioidea (Superfamily) Waagen, 1883
†Reticulosa (Order) Reid, 1958
†Retziidina (Suborder)
†Retzioidea (Superfamily)
†Rhizomorina (Suborder) Zittel, 1878
†Rhombifera (Class)
Rhynchonellata (Class)
Rhynchonellida (Order)
Rhynchonelliformea (Subphylum)
†Rhynchospirinoidea (Superfamily)
†Rhynchotrematoidea (Superfamily)
†Rugosa (Order)
Scyphozoa (Class) - jellyfish
†Skenidioidea (Superfamily) Kozlowski, 1929
†Sphaerocladina (Suborder) Schrammen, 1910
†Sphinctozoa (Order)
†Spiriferida (Order) Waagen, 1883
†Spiriferidina (Suborder) Waagen, 1883
Stenolaemata (Class)
†Strophomenata (Class)
†Strophomenida (Order) Opik, 1934
†Strophomenoidea (Superfamily)
†Stylophora (Class) - stylophorans
†Tabulata (Order)
Tetracladina (Suborder) Zittel, 1878
Tetractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi
†Trepostomata (Order) Ulrich, 1882
Tubuliporata (Order)
†Uncinuloidea (Superfamily)
Verongida (Order) Bergquist
Zoantharia (Subclass)
Within limits:
Chordata (Phylum) Bateson, 1885 - chordates
†Stromatoporoidea (Class) Nicholson & Murie
Within limits:
Glomeromycota (Phylum) C. Walker & A. Schüßler, in A. Schüßler et al., 2001 - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Upper limit:
†Rhynia (Genus) R. Kidston & W.H. Lang, 1917
Entire range:
†Cervicornus (Genus) C. Li & F.M. Hueber, 2000
†Cervicornus wenshanensis C. Li & F.M. Hueber, 2000
†Huia (Genus) B.-Y. Geng, 1985
†Huia gracilis D. Wang & S. Hao, 2001
†Huia recurvata B.-Y. Geng, 1985
†Trimerophytales (Order)
†Zosterophyllum (Genus) D.P. Penhallow, 1892
Lower limit:
Bryophyta (Phylum) A. Braun (1864) - mosses
Within limits:
†Barinophytaceae (Family)
Plantae (Kingdom) Haeckel, 1866 - plants
†Protobarinophyton (Genus) A.R. Anan'ev, in L.L. Halfin, 1955
Upper limit:
†Oppilatala (Genus) Loeblich & Wicander, 1976
Entire range:
†Oppilatala vulgaris Loeblich & Wicander, 1976
†Ozotobrachion (Genus) Loeblich & Drugg, 1968
†Ozotobrachion dactylos Loeblich & Drugg, 1968
Within limits:
†Buedingiisphaeridium (Genus) Schaarschmidt, 1963 emend. Lister, 1970 emend. Sarjeant & Stancliffe, 1994
Charales (Order) Lindley, 1836 - charophytes sensu stricto
Charales (Order) Lindley, 1836 - stoneworts
†Comasphaeridium (Genus) Staplin, Jansonius & Pocock, 1965
†Cymatiosphaera multisepta Deunff, 1955
Dasycladaceae (Family) Kützing, 1843
Dasycladales (Order) Pascher, 1931
†Dorsennidium (Genus) Wicander, 1974
†Dorsennidium europaeum (Stockmans & Willière, 1960) Sarjeant & Stancliffe, 1994
†Dorsennidium europaeum subsp. europaeum (Stockmans & Willière, 1960) Sarjeant & Stancliffe, 1994
†Gorgonisphaeridium (Genus) Staplin, Jansonius & Pocock, 1965
†Micrhystridium (Genus) Deflandre, 1937
†Multiplicisphaeridium (Genus) Staplin, 1961
Upper limit:
†Anthochitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1971
†Armoricochitina (Genus) Paris, 1981
†Bulbochitina (Genus) Paris, 1981
†Calpichitina (Genus) Wilson & Hedlund, 1964
†Cingulochitina (Genus) Paris, 1981
†Desmochitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1931
†Margachitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1968
†Pterochitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1955
†Pterochitininae (Subfamily) Paris, 1981
†Urnochitina (Genus) Paris, 1981
Entire range:
†Muscochitina (Genus) Paris, 1981
Lower limit:
†Urochitina (Genus) Taugourdeau & de Jekhowsky, 1960
†Urochitininae (Subfamily) Paris, 1981
Within limits:
†Acritarcha Evitt, 1963 - acritarchs
†Ancyrochitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1955
†Ancyrochitininae (Subfamily) Paris, 1981
†Angochitininae (Subfamily) Paris, 1981
†Bursachitina (Genus) Taugourdeau, 1966
†Chitinozoa - chitinozoans
†Cyathochitininae (Subfamily) Paris, 1981
†Desmochitinidae (Family) Eisenack, 1931
†Desmochitininae (Subfamily) (Eisenack, 1931) Paris, 1981
†Eisenackitina (Genus) Jansonius, 1964
Foraminifera (Class) Lee, 1990
†Fungochitina (Genus) Taugourdeau, 1966
†Lagenochitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1931
†Lagenochitinidae (Family) Eisenack, 1931
†Lagenochitininae (Subfamily) (Eisenack, 1931) Paris, 1981
†Linochitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1968
†Margachitininae (Subfamily) Paris, 1981
†Operculatifera (Order) Eisenack, 1931
Paleodictyon (Genus) Menghini, 1850
Polycystinea (Class) - polycystines
†Prosomatifera (Order) Eisenack, 1972
Spirotrichea (Class) Bütschli, 1889
Within limits:
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Eukaryota (Domain) Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Fungi (Kingdom) T.L. Jahn & F.F. Jahn, 1949 ex R.T. Moore, 1980 - fungi
Within limits:
Cyanobacteria (Phylum) Stanier, 1974 ex Cavalier-Smith, 2002 - cyanobacteria
Within limits:
Biota
Within limits:
Aldan Shield
Anabar Shield
Arabian-Nubian Shield
Baikal Fold Belt
Baltic Shield
Cameroon N'tem Complex
Central Africa Craton
Chaillu Craton
Committee Bay Block
Congo Craton
Ethiopian Block
†Euramerica
†Gondwana E. Suess, 1861
Greenland Shield
Guapore Craton
Guiana Shield
Indian Shield
Kaapvaal Craton
Kaminak Group
Kasaï Craton
Labrador Shield
Litchfield Complex
Luis Alves Massif
Madagascar Craton
Man Shield
Nanambu Complex
Napier Complex
Pilbara Block
†Proto-Tethys Ocean
Reguibat Shield
Rio de la Plata Craton
Rio de la Plata Massif
Rul Jungle Complex
São Francisco Craton
Sayan Fold Belt
Scottish Shield
Sebakwe Proto-Craton
Slave Craton
Slave Province
Superior Craton
Superior Province
Tanzanian Craton
Tarim Craton
Tuareg Shield
Ukrainian Shield
West African Craton
Wyoming Province
Yangtze Craton
Yienisei Fold Belt
Yilgarn Block
Zambian Block
Zimbabwe Craton
http://www.palaeos.com/Paleozoic/Devonian/EarlyDev.html