Period: 416 million to 359 million years ago.
†Anaspida (Order) - anaspids
†Distacodontina (Order)
Entire range:
†Gogonasus (Genus) Long, 1985
Lower limit:
Chimaeridae (Family) - shortnose chimaeras
Within limits:
†Hibbardellina (Order)
Within limits:
Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Lower limit:
Pterygota (Infraclass)
Upper limit:
†Eurychilinidae (Family)
†Leperditicopida (Order) Scott, 1961
Lower limit:
Peracarida (Superorder) Calman, 1904
Within limits:
Bairdia (Genus) McCoy, 1844
Branchiopoda (Class) Latreille, 1817 - branchiopods
Cephalocarida (Class) H.L. Sanders, 1955 - cephalocarids
Lepadomorpha (Suborder) Pilsbry, 1916
Malacostraca (Class) Latreille, 1802
Myodocopida (Order) Sars, 1866
Ostracoda (Class) Latreille, 1802 - ostracods
Phyllocarida (Subclass) Packard, 1879 - leptostracans
Platycopida (Order) Sars, 1866
Podocopida (Order) (Sars, 1866) G.W. Müller, 1894
Upper limit:
†Calymenina (Suborder)
†Calymenoidea (Superfamily)
†Chasmataspidida (Order) Caster & Brooks, 1956
†Dalmanitidae (Family)
†Dalmanitoidea (Superfamily)
†Lichidae (Family)
†Phacopida (Order) Salter, 1864
†Phacopina (Suborder)
†Styginidae (Family)
†synziphosurines
Entire range:
†Attercopus fimbriunguis
†Cheloniellon (Genus) Broili, 1932
†Dipleura (Genus) Green, 1832
†Mimetaster (Genus) Gürich, 1932
†Phacopidae (Family)
†Phacopoidea (Superfamily)
†Phacops (Genus) Emmrich
†Phacops rana
†Phacops rana crassituberculata Stumm
†Phalangocephalus (Genus) Campbell, 1977
†Vachonisia (Genus)
Lower limit:
Eupodidae (Family) C.L. Koch, 1842
Opiliones (Order) Sundevall, 1833 - harvestmen
Pantopoda (Order) Gerstäcker, 1863
†Phalangiotarbida (Order) Haase, 1890
Pseudoscorpiones (Order) De Geer, 1778
†Uraraneida (Order) Selden & Shear, 2008
Within limits:
Arachnida (Class) Cuvier, 1812
Arthropoda (Phylum) Latreille, 1829 - arthropods
Chelicerata (Superclass)
Progoneata
Scorpiones (Order) C.L. Koch, 1837 - scorpions
†Trigonotarbida (Order) Petrunkevitch, 1949
Xiphosura (Class) Latreille, 1802 - horseshoe crabs
Xiphosurida (Order) Latreille, 1802
Upper limit:
†Cyrtonellida (Order)
†Onychochilina (Suborder)
Entire range:
†Agoniatites (Genus) Meek, 1877
†Geisonoceras (Genus) Haytt, 1884
†Halloceras (Genus) Hyatt, 1884
†Lobobactrites (Genus) Schindewolf, 1932
†Modiomorpha (Genus) Hall, 1869
†Parakionoceras (Genus) Foerste, 1928
†Tentaculites (Genus) Schlotheim, 1820
Lower limit:
†Bactritoidea (Subclass)
Within limits:
†Actinoceratoidea (Subclass)
Bivalvia (Class) C. Linnaeus, 1758 - bivalves
†Bransonia (Genus) Pojeta & Runnegar, 1976
Cephalopoda (Class) Cuvier, 1797 - cephalopods
†Conocardioida (Order) Neumayr, 1891
Gastropoda (Class) Cuvier, 1795 - snails and slugs
†Hippocardia (Genus) Brown, 1843
†Hyolithida (Order) Matthew, 1899
†Murchisonia (Genus)
Nautiloidea (Subclass) Agassiz, 1847
Nautilus (Genus) C. Linnaeus, 1758
Patellina (Suborder) von Ihering, 1876
†Platyceras (Genus) Conrad, 1840
†Rostroconchia (Class) Pojeta et al., 1972
Scaphopoda (Class) Bronn, 1862 - tusk shells
Entire range:
†Arkonips (Genus) Farrell & Briggs, 2007
†Arkonips topororum Farrell & Briggs, 2007
Lower limit:
Spirorbis (Genus) Daudin, 1800
Within limits:
Polychaeta (Class) Grube, 1850 - polychaetes
Upper limit:
Acrotretida (Order) Kuhn, 1949
†Acrotretoidea (Superfamily)
†Adolfioidea (Superfamily)
†Ancistrorhynchoidea (Superfamily)
†Atrypida (Order)
†Atrypidina (Suborder)
†Atrypoidea (Superfamily)
†Camerelloidea (Superfamily)
†Clorindoidea (Superfamily)
†Cyclocystoidea (Class)
†Cyrtioidea (Superfamily) Fredericks, 1919
†Dalmanelloidea (Superfamily)
†Davidsoniidina (Suborder)
†Davidsonioidea (Superfamily)
†Delthyridoidea (Superfamily)
†Diploporita (Class)
†Fenestella (Genus) Lonsdale, 1839
†Graptoloidea (Order)
†Gypiduloidea (Superfamily)
†Heliolitida (Order)
†Homalozoa (Subphylum) Whitehouse, 1941
†Homoiostelea (Class)
†Lissatrypidina (Suborder)
†Lissatrypoidea (Superfamily)
†Orthidina (Suborder)
†Orthoidea (Superfamily)
†Orthotheca (Genus)
†Orthothecida (Order) Marek, 1966
†Palaferelloidea (Superfamily)
†Pentamerida (Order)
†Pentameridina (Suborder)
†Plectambonitoidea (Superfamily)
†Protorthida (Order)
†Protospongioidea (Suborder) Finks, 1960
†Retzielloidea (Superfamily)
†Rhombifera (Class)
†Rhynchospirinoidea (Superfamily)
†Skenidioidea (Superfamily) Kozlowski, 1929
†Stromatopora (Genus) Goldfuss, 1826
†Stylophora (Class) - stylophorans
†Syntrophiidina (Suborder)
†Uncinuloidea (Superfamily)
Entire range:
†Amphipora (Genus) Schulz, 1883
†Archeocydippida (Genus) Stanley & Stürmer, 1987
†Archeocydippida hunsrueckiana Stanley & Stürmer, 1987
†Atrypa (Genus) Dalman, 1828
†Atrypina (Genus) Hall & Clarke, 1894[1893]
†Aulocopoides (Genus) Howell, 1952
†Centronella (Genus) Billings, 1859
†Cyrtospirifer (Genus) Fredericks, 1924
†Dicoelosia (Genus)
†Diphyphyllum simcoense Billings
†Ensiferites (Genus) Reimann, 1945
†Favosites turbinata
†Kionelasma (Genus) Simpson, 1900
†Leptotrypella (Genus) Vinassa de Regny, 1921
†Mattaspongia (Genus) Rigby, 1970
†Meristella (Genus) Hall, 1859
†Mucrospirifer (Genus) Grabau, 1931
†Orthopora (Genus)
†Paleoctenophora (Genus) Stanley & Stürmer, 1983
†Paleoctenophora brasseli Stanley & Stürmer, 1983
†Platyrachella (Genus) Fenton & Fenton, 1924
†Siphonophrentis elongata (Rafinesque & Clifford)
†Sphaerirhynchia (Genus) Cooper & Muir-Wood, 1951
†Stropheodonta (Genus) Hall, 1852
†Thomasaria (Genus) Stainbrook, 1945
†Thomasaria rotunda Oleneva, 2006
†Unitrypa (Genus) Hall, 1885
†Weinbergina (Genus) Richter, 1929
Within limits:
†Ambocoelioidea (Superfamily)
Amphidiscophora (Subclass) F.E. von Schulze, 1887
Amphidiscosida (Order) Schrammen
Annelida (Phylum) Lamarck, 1809 - segmented worms
†Anthaspidellidae (Family) Miller, 1889
Anthozoa (Class) Ehrenberg, 1831
Asteroidea (Class) - sea stars
†Astraeospongiidae (Family) de Laubenfels, 1955
†Astylospongiidae (Family) Rauff, 1893
†Athyridida (Order)
†Athyrididina (Suborder)
†Athyridoidea (Superfamily)
†Blastoidea (Class)
Brachiopoda (Phylum) Duméril, 1806 - brachiopods
Calcarea (Class) Bowerbank, 1864 - calcareous sponges
†Camarotoechioidea (Superfamily)
†Camerates (Subclass)
Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1973
†Chiastoclonellidae (Family) de Laubenfels, 1955
†Chileata (Class)
†Chilidiopsoidea (Superfamily)
†Chonetidina (Suborder)
†Chonetoidea (Superfamily) Bronn, 1862
Clionaidae (Family) d'Orbigny, 1851
†Cnemidiastridae (Family) Schrammen, 1936
Cnidaria (Phylum) Hatschek, 1888 - cnidarians
†Conulariida (Order) Miller & Gurley, 1896
†Conulata (Class) Moore & Harrington, 1956
Craniata (Class) Williams, Carlson, Brunton, Holmer & Popov, 1996
Craniida (Order) Waagen, 1885
Craniidae (Family) Menke, 1828
Craniiformea (Subphylum) Popov, Bassett, Holmer & Laurie, 1993
Cranioidea (Superfamily) Menke, 1828
†Craniopsida (Order) Gorjansky & Popov, 1985
†Craniopsidae (Family) Williams, 1963
†Craniopsoidea (Superfamily) Williams, 1963
Crinoidea (Class) - sea lilies and feather stars
†Cryptostomata (Order)
Ctenophora (Phylum) Eschscholtz, 1829 - comb jellies
Ctenostomata (Order) Busk, 1852
†Cystoporata (Order)
†Dalmanellidina (Suborder)
†Delthyridina (Suborder)
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1875 - demosponges
†Dendroidea (Order)
†Dictyonellida (Order)
†Dictyospongiidae (Family) Hall, 1882
†Dictyospongioidea (Suborder) Hall & Clarke, 1899
†Dierespongioidea (Suborder) Rigby, 1976
Discinidae (Family)
Discinoidea (Superfamily)
†Echinocystitoida (Order)
Echinodermata (Phylum) Klein, 1734 ex De Brugière, 1789 - echinoderms
Echinoidea (Class) - sea urchins and sand dollars
Ectoprocta (Phylum) Nitsche, 1870 - ectoprocts
†Edrioasteroidea (Class)
†Eichwaldioidea (Superfamily)
†Enteletoidea (Superfamily)
†Eurypterida (Order) Burmeister, 1843 - eurypterids
†Fenestrata (Order)
†Flexibles (Subclass)
†Graptolithina (Class)
Gymnolaemata (Class)
Hadromerida (Order) Topsent, 1898
†Haplistiidae (Family) de Laubenfels, 1955
Hemichordata (Phylum) (Bateson, 1885) auct. - hemichordates
†Heteractinida (Order) Hinde, 1888
Hexactinellida (Class) O. Schmidt, 1870 - hexactinellids
Hexasterophora (Subclass) F.E. von Schulze, 1887
Holothuroidea (Class) - sea cucumbers
Hydrozoa (Class) Owen, 1843
†Hyolithes (Genus) Eichwald, 1840
†Inadunates (Subclass)
Lingulata (Class)
Lingulida (Order) Waagen, 1885
Linguliformea (Subphylum)
Linguloidea (Superfamily) Menke, 1828
Lithistida (Order) Schmidt, 1870 - lithistids
†Lobopodia (Phylum) Snodgrass, 1938 - lobopodians
Lyssacinosida (Order) (Zittel, 1877) W.D. Hartman, in S.P. Parker, 1982
†Martinioidea (Superfamily)
†Meristelloidea (Superfamily)
Mollusca (Phylum) Linnaeus, 1758 - molluscs
Monoplacophora (Class) Odhner, 1940 - monoplacophorans
†Nucleospiroidea (Superfamily)
†Obolidae (Family)
†Ophiocistioidea (Class)
Ophiuroidea (Class) - brittle stars and basket stars
†Orchocladina (Suborder) Rauff, 1893
†Orthida (Order) Schuchert & Cooper, 1932
†Orthotetida (Order)
†Orthotetidina (Suborder)
†Palaechinoida (Order)
Platyasterida (Order)
Polyplacophora (Class) Blainville, 1816 - chitons
Porifera (Phylum) Grant, in Todd, 1836 - sponges
†Procoelomata (Phylum) Bergström, 1989
Pterobranchia (Class) - pterobranchs
Pycnogonida (Class) Latreille, 1810 - pycnogonids
†Reticularioidea (Superfamily) Waagen, 1883
†Reticulosa (Order) Reid, 1958
†Retziidina (Suborder)
†Retzioidea (Superfamily)
†Rhizomorina (Suborder) Zittel, 1878
Rhynchonellata (Class)
Rhynchonellida (Order)
Rhynchonelliformea (Subphylum)
†Rhynchotrematoidea (Superfamily)
†Rugosa (Order)
Scyphozoa (Class) - jellyfish
†Sphaerocladina (Suborder) Schrammen, 1910
†Sphinctozoa (Order)
†Spiriferida (Order) Waagen, 1883
†Spiriferidina (Suborder) Waagen, 1883
Stenolaemata (Class)
†Strophomenata (Class)
†Strophomenida (Order) Opik, 1934
†Strophomenoidea (Superfamily)
†Tabulata (Order)
Tetracladina (Suborder) Zittel, 1878
Tetractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi
†Trepostomata (Order) Ulrich, 1882
Tubuliporata (Order)
Verongida (Order) Bergquist
Zoantharia (Subclass)
Within limits:
Chordata (Phylum) Bateson, 1885 - chordates
†Stromatoporoidea (Class) Nicholson & Murie
Within limits:
Glomeromycota (Phylum) C. Walker & A. Schüßler, in A. Schüßler et al., 2001 - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Upper limit:
†Rhynia (Genus) R. Kidston & W.H. Lang, 1917
Entire range:
†Calamophyton (Genus) R. Kräusel & H. Weyland, in H. Weyland, 1925
†Lorophyton (Genus) Fairon-Demaret & Li
†Protolepidodendrales (Order)
†Pseudosporochnus (Genus) H. Potonié & C. Bernard, 1903
Lower limit:
†Barinophytaceae (Family)
†Protobarinophyton (Genus) A.R. Anan'ev, in L.L. Halfin, 1955
Within limits:
Plantae (Kingdom) Haeckel, 1866 - plants
Upper limit:
†Comasphaeridium brevispinosum (Lister, 1970) Mullins, 2001
†Comasphaeridium williereae (Deflandre & Deflandre-Rigaud, 1965 ex Lister, 1970) Sarjeant & Stancliffe, 1994
†Cymatiosphaera multisepta Deunff, 1955
†Cymatiosphaera octoplana Downie, 1959
†Cymbosphaeridium (Genus) Lister, 1970
†Cymbosphaeridium pilar (Cramer, 1964) Lister, 1970
†Dateriocradus (Genus) Tappan & Loeblich, 1972
†Dateriocradus monterrosae (Cramer, 1969) Pöthé de Baldis, 1981
†Dictyotidium biscutulatum Kiryanov, 1978
†Dictyotidium faviforme Schultz, 1967
†Diexallophasis (Genus) Loeblich, 1970
†Diexallophasis remota (Deunff, 1955)
†Dorsennidium europaeum subsp. wenlockianum (Downie, 1959 ex Wall & Downie, 1963) Sarjeant & Stancliffe, 1994
†Duvernaysphaera aranaides (Cramer, 1964) Le Hérissé, 1989
†Eisenackidium (Genus) Cramer & Díez, 1968 ex Eisenack, Cramer & Díez, 1973
†Eupoikilofusa (Genus) Cramer, 1970
†Hapsidopalla (Genus) Playford, 1977
†Multiplicisphaeridium (Genus) Staplin, 1961
†Neoveryhachium (Genus) Cramer, 1970
†Neoveryhachium carminae (Cramer, 1964)
†Onondagella (Genus) Cramer, 1966
†Oppilatala (Genus) Loeblich & Wicander, 1976
†Quadratitum fantasticum Cramer, 1964
†Tunisphaeridium (Genus) J. Deunff & W.R. Evitt, 1968
Entire range:
†Eisenackidium triplodermum (Cramer, 1966)
†Eupoikilofusa striatifera (Cramer, 1964)
†Hapsidopalla sannemanni (Deunff, 1957)
†Onondagella asymmetricum (Deunff, 1954 ex Deunff, 1961)
†Polyedrixium deflandrei Deunff, 1954 ex Deunff, 1961
Within limits:
†Buedingiisphaeridium (Genus) Schaarschmidt, 1963 emend. Lister, 1970 emend. Sarjeant & Stancliffe, 1994
Charales (Order) Lindley, 1836 - charophytes sensu stricto
Charales (Order) Lindley, 1836 - stoneworts
†Comasphaeridium (Genus) Staplin, Jansonius & Pocock, 1965
Dasycladaceae (Family) Kützing, 1843
Dasycladales (Order) Pascher, 1931
†Dorsennidium (Genus) Wicander, 1974
†Dorsennidium europaeum (Stockmans & Willière, 1960) Sarjeant & Stancliffe, 1994
†Dorsennidium europaeum subsp. europaeum (Stockmans & Willière, 1960) Sarjeant & Stancliffe, 1994
†Gorgonisphaeridium (Genus) Staplin, Jansonius & Pocock, 1965
†Micrhystridium (Genus) Deflandre, 1937
Upper limit:
†Ancyrochitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1955
†Ancyrochitininae (Subfamily) Paris, 1981
†Angochitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1931
†Angochitininae (Subfamily) Paris, 1981
†Anthochitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1971
†Armoricochitina (Genus) Paris, 1981
†Bulbochitina (Genus) Paris, 1981
†Bursachitina (Genus) Taugourdeau, 1966
†Calpichitina (Genus) Wilson & Hedlund, 1964
†Chitinozoa - chitinozoans
†Cingulochitina (Genus) Paris, 1981
†Cyathochitininae (Subfamily) Paris, 1981
†Desmochitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1931
†Desmochitinidae (Family) Eisenack, 1931
†Desmochitininae (Subfamily) (Eisenack, 1931) Paris, 1981
†Eisenackitina (Genus) Jansonius, 1964
†Fungochitina (Genus) Taugourdeau, 1966
†Lagenochitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1931
†Lagenochitinidae (Family) Eisenack, 1931
†Lagenochitininae (Subfamily) (Eisenack, 1931) Paris, 1981
†Linochitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1968
†Margachitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1968
†Margachitininae (Subfamily) Paris, 1981
†Operculatifera (Order) Eisenack, 1931
†Prosomatifera (Order) Eisenack, 1972
†Pterochitina (Genus) Eisenack, 1955
†Pterochitininae (Subfamily) Paris, 1981
†Ramochitina (Genus) Sommer & van Boekel, 1964
†Sphaerochitina (Genus) Eisenack,1955
†Urnochitina (Genus) Paris, 1981
Within limits:
†Acritarcha Evitt, 1963 - acritarchs
Foraminifera (Class) Lee, 1990
Paleodictyon (Genus) Menghini, 1850
Polycystinea (Class) - polycystines
Spirotrichea (Class) Bütschli, 1889
Within limits:
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Eukaryota (Domain) Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Fungi (Kingdom) T.L. Jahn & F.F. Jahn, 1949 ex R.T. Moore, 1980 - fungi
Within limits:
Cyanobacteria (Phylum) Stanier, 1974 ex Cavalier-Smith, 2002 - cyanobacteria
Within limits:
Biota
Upper limit:
†Armorica
†Laurentia
Within limits:
Aldan Shield
Anabar Shield
Arabian-Nubian Shield
Baikal Fold Belt
Baltic Shield
Cameroon N'tem Complex
Central Africa Craton
Chaillu Craton
Committee Bay Block
Congo Craton
Ethiopian Block
†Euramerica
†Gondwana E. Suess, 1861
Greenland Shield
Guapore Craton
Guiana Shield
Indian Shield
Kaapvaal Craton
Kaminak Group
Kasaï Craton
Labrador Shield
Litchfield Complex
Luis Alves Massif
Madagascar Craton
Man Shield
Nanambu Complex
Napier Complex
Pilbara Block
†Proto-Tethys Ocean
Reguibat Shield
Rio de la Plata Craton
Rio de la Plata Massif
Rul Jungle Complex
São Francisco Craton
Sayan Fold Belt
Scottish Shield
Sebakwe Proto-Craton
Slave Craton
Slave Province
Superior Craton
Superior Province
Tanzanian Craton
Tarim Craton
Tuareg Shield
Ukrainian Shield
West African Craton
Wyoming Province
Yangtze Craton
Yienisei Fold Belt
Yilgarn Block
Zambian Block
Zimbabwe Craton
http://www.palaeos.com/Paleozoic/Devonian/Devonian.htm