Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         Biota
           "neomura"
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               "neokaryotes" - mitochondrial eukaryotes
                 "neozoa"
                   Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878
                     Kingdom Chromista Caval.-Sm. (1981) - chromists
                       Subkingdom Harosa Cavalier-Smith (2010)
                         Infrakingdom Halvaria Cavalier-Smith (2010)
                           Superphylum Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991
                             Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901 - ciliates
                               Subphylum Intramacronucleata Lynn, 1996 - amphiesmates
                                 Class Oligohymenophorea de Puytorac et al., 1974 - oligohymenophoreans
                                   Subclass Peniculia Fauré-Fremiet, in Corliss, 1956
                                     Order Urocentrida Jankowski, 1980
                                       Family Parameciidae Dujardin, 1840
                                         Genus Parameciumᵀ Müller, 1773
                                           Paramecium putrinum Claparède & Lachmann, 1859