Natura - nature
  
 actualia - actual entities
    
 Mundus Plinius - physical world
      
 naturalia - natural bodies
        
 Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
          
 Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
            
 Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
              
 Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                
 Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                  
 Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
                    
 Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
                      
 Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
                        
 Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
                          
 Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
                            
 Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
                              
 Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                                
 Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
                                  
 Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
                                    
 Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
                                      
 Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
                                        
 Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
                                          
 Subphylum Craniata auct.
                                            
 Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
                                              
 Clade Pan-Gnathostomata Downs 2020
                                                
 Superclass Gnathostomataᵀ Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
                                                  
 [crown] Clade Eugnathostomata
                                                    
 Clade Pan-Osteichthyes Rowe 2004 [Moore & Near 2020]
                                                      
 Clade Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [Moore & Near 2020]
                                                        
 Clade Pan-Actinopterygii Rowe 2004 [Moore & Near 2020]
                                                          
 Clade Actinopterygiiᵀ Woodward 1891 [Moore & Near 2020]
                                                            
 Clade Pan-Actinopteri Moore & Near 2020
                                                              
 Class Actinopteri Cope, 1871
                                                                
 Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
                                                                  
 Infraclass Holostei Müller, 1846 - gars, bowfins, and relatives
                                                                    
 Division Halecomorphi Cope, 1872
                                                                      
 Order †Ionoscopiformes Grande & Bemis, 1998
                                                                        
 1 Genus †Placidichthys Brito, 2000, incertae sedis
                                                                        
 2 Family †Furidae Jordan, 1923, incertae sedis
                                                                        
 3 Family †Panxianichthyidae Sun, Tintori, Xu, Lombardo, Ni & Jiang, 2016
                                                                        
 4.1 Family †Ophiopsidae Bartram, 1975
                                                                        
 4.2.1 Family †Ophiopsiellidae Ebert, 2018
                                                                        
 4.2.2 Family †Ionoscopidaeᵀ Lehman, 1966