Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates see Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801
   Gnathostomata
     Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
       Class Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 [paraphyletic] - bony fishes and tetrapods see Clade Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [Moore & Near 2020]
         Subclass Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes see Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
           Infraclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923 see Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
             Division Teleostei Müller, 1845
               Subdivision Euteleostei Greenwood et al., 1966 see Cohort Euteleostei Greenwood et al., 1966
                 Superorder Acanthopterygii Rosen & Patterson, 1969 see Division Acanthopterygii Rosen & Patterson, 1969
                   Series Percomorpha see Division Percomorphacea Wiley & Johnson, 2010
                     01 Order Beryciformes Günther, 1880 - beryciforms
                     02 Order Zeiformes Jordan, 1905 - dories
                     03 Order Lampriformes - opahs
                     04 Order Gasterosteiformes Gill, 1872 - sticklebacks see Infraorder Gasterosteales
                     05 Order Syngnathiformes Berg, 1940 - pipefishes and seahorses
                     06 Order Synbranchiformes [monotypic] - swamp eels
                     07 Order Indostomiformes [monotypic]
                     08 Order Pegasiformes [monotypic] - dragonfishes see Order Gasterosteiformes Gill, 1872
                     09 Order Dactylopteridae Carroll, 1988, nom. null. [monotypic] see Order Dactylopteriformes Jordan, 1923
                     10 Order Scorpaeniformes Bloch, 1789 - mail-cheeked fishes see Order Perciformes Bleeker, 1859
                     11 Order Perciformes Bleeker, 1859 - perches
                     12 Order Pleuronectiformes Bleeker, 1859 - flatfishes see Suborder Pleuronectoidei
                     13 Order Tetraodontiformes Berg, 1937 - plectognaths