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Taxon: Class Aves Linnaeus, 1758 - birds (bird)
Classification by:

Natura - nature
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1748: 210; Count: 14k;234p;890c;1643o;9905f;114,238g;258,273s;29,231ss;2072v;35,692;112e; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v;7; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;496;14e
   actualia - actual entities
  Ref: A. Voltolini, 2006: 44 (note 19) [assumed position]; Count: 14k;234p;890c;1643o;9905f;114,238g;258,268s;29,231ss;2072v;35,692;112e; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v;7; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;496;14e
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
    Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 5 [indirect position]; 24 Apr 2014.; Count: 14k;234p;890c;1643o;9905f;114,238g;258,268s;29,231ss;2072v;35,690;112e; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v;7; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;496;14e
       naturalia - natural bodies
      Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 6 [implicit position]; Count: 8k;234p;890c;1643o;9829f;114,228g;257,844s;29,231ss;2041v;11; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;104
         [crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
        Ref: J. Wiemann et al., 2020: [13] [validation] [inferred position]; Count: 6k;234p;415c;1635o;9829f;114,185g;254,617s;29,229ss;2013v;11; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;607o;3558f;17,811g;6426s;207ss;2v;104
           Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
          Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002b: 297 [inferred position]; Count: 6k;89p;344c;1479o;9331f;110,640g;238,293s;28,828ss;1995v;4; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;607o;3557f;17,804g;6417s;207ss;2v;104
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
            Ref: P.M. Kirk et al., 2008: 248 [indirect position]; 19 Sep 2015.; Count: 6k;84p;334c;1460o;9299f;110,513g;237,847s;28,828ss;1995v;4; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;607o;3557f;17,804g;6417s;207ss;2v;104
               Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
              Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Count: 5k;83p;333c;1459o;9297f;110,373g;237,822s;28,828ss;1995v;4; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;90c;605o;3537f;17,621g;6331s;201ss;2v;104
                 Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11 [new taxon]; Count: [p] 3k;56p;187c;849o;7231f;88,375g;216,877s;28,335ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                   Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
                  Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11; Count: [p] 3k;56p;186c;848o;7229f;88,371g;216,869s;28,335ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                     [crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
                    Ref: A.G.B. Simpson et al., 2020: [97] [validation] [indirect position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.; Count: [p] 3k;56p;183c;845o;7224f;88,365g;216,864s;28,335ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                       [crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
                      Ref: Brown, 2013: 7 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2021: fig. 11.; Count: [p] 3k;55p;176c;826o;7170f;88,203g;216,582s;28,333ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                         [crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
                        Ref: A.G.B. Simpson & M. Medina, 2020: [103] [validation] [indirect position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.; Count: [p] 3k;55p;174c;824o;7167f;88,194g;216,571s;28,333ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                           Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
                          Ref: L. Tedersoo et al., 2018: 154 [implicit position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.; Count: [p] 1k;33p;95c;582o;6230f;78,878g;214,219s;28,325ss;483v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;69c;501o;3020f;12,905g;5175s;107ss;2v;104 [25 Aug 2019]
                             Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
                            Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [inferred position]; 19 Jan 2016.; Count: [p] 1k;33p;94c;579o;6219f;78,847g;214,171s;28,325ss;483v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;69c;501o;3020f;12,905g;5175s;107ss;2v;104 [25 Aug 2019]
                               Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                              Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [implicit position]; Count: [p] 33p;92c;576o;6214f;78,792g;214,104s;28,325ss;482v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;69c;501o;3020f;12,905g;5175s;107ss;2v;104
                                 Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
                                Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1a) [inferred position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.; Count: 31p;86c;541o;6049f;78,029g;213,554s;28,306ss;471v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †2p;63c;472o;2723f;11,405g;4921s;107ss;2v;104
                                   Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
                                  Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.; Count: 29p;80c;518o;5812f;77,137g;212,817s;28,301ss;463v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †2p;58c;458o;2710f;11,281g;4825s;107ss;2v;104
                                     Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
                                    Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1b) [implicit position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.; Count: 28p;78c;516o;5788f;77,051g;212,795s;28,301ss;463v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †1p;55c;458o;2706f;11,261g;4803s;107ss;2v;104
                                       Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
                                      Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.; Count: [p] 3p;18c;190o;1248f;10,492g;62,113s;12,707ss;308v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †1p;28c;278o;1167f;7716g;3164s;75ss;1v;104 [27 Apr 2019]
                                         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
                                        Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.; Count: 9c;149o;1087f;9946g;61,722s;12,699ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †7c;221o;1145f;7573g;3111s;70ss;1v;104
                                           Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
                                          Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48); Count: [fc] 6c;142o;1063f;9855g;61,522s;12,695ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †7c;221o;1145f;7568g;3110s;70ss;1v;104
                                             Myopterygii - myopterygians
                                            Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 30 [implicit position]; Count: 5c;140o;1059f;9840g;61,403s;12,695ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †5c;206o;1129f;7247g;3098s;68ss;1v;104
                                               Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
                                              Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 16; Count: 5c;140o;1059f;9840g;61,403s;12,695ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †2c;197o;1101f;7168g;3060s;68ss;1v;104
                                                 Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
                                                Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 82; Count: 4c;126o;1005f;9645g;60,243s;12,693ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †1c;162o;997f;6874g;2994s;68ss;1v;104
                                                   Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
                                                  Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 86; Count: 4c;126o;1005f;9645g;60,243s;12,693ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †159o;987f;6816g;2984s;68ss;1v;104
                                                     [Clade] Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
                                                    Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 17 [inferred rank]; Count: 3c;67o;530f;5077g;31,847s;12,155ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;392s;98ss;1v; †126o;838f;6350g;2824s;68ss;1v;104
                                                       [crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
                                                      Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 462 [implicit position]; Count: 3c;66o;530f;5077g;31,847s;12,155ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;392s;98ss;1v; †122o;833f;6316g;2798s;68ss;1v;104
                                                         Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
                                                        Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 465; Count: 3c;65o;527f;5074g;31,841s;12,150ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;392s;98ss;1v; †121o;821f;6305g;2796s;68ss;1v;104
                                                           Clade Osteolepidimorpha
                                                          Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 466; Count: 3c;65o;527f;5074g;31,841s;12,150ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;392s;98ss;1v; †120o;820f;6298g;2792s;68ss;1v;104
                                                             Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
                                                            Ref: D.R. Frost et al., 2006: fig. 51 [out of scope] [indirect position]; Count: [oc] 3c;65o;527f;5074g;31,841s;12,150ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;392s;98ss;1v; †118o;814f;6290g;2784s;68ss;1v;104 [27 Jan 2017]
                                                               [crown] [Clade] Neotetrapoda
                                                              Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 436 [inferred rank] [implicit position]; Count: 3c;65o;527f;5074g;31,841s;12,150ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;392s;98ss;1v; †118o;805f;6273g;2765s;68ss;1v;104
                                                                 [Clade] Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
                                                                Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 437 [inferred rank] [implicit position]; Count: 2c;62o;466f;4549g;25,180s;12,080ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;388s;98ss;1v; †116o;763f;6223g;2750s;68ss;1v;104
                                                                   Batrachosauria
                                                                  Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: box 4.5 [implicit position]; Count: [f] 2c;62o;466f;4549g;25,180s;12,080ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;388s;98ss;1v; †114o;750f;6216g;2748s;68ss;1v;104
                                                                     [crown] [Clade] Amniota Haeckel, 1866 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988] - amniotes
                                                                    Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 437 [inferred rank]; Count: [f] 2c;62o;466f;4549g;25,180s;12,080ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;388s;98ss;1v; †108o;725f;6186g;2742s;68ss;1v;104
                                                                       Class Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
                                                                      Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 438 [implicit position]; Count: 35o;301f;3344g;20,060s;7724ss;1v;1; ‡2o;7f;60g;278s;65ss; †54o;314f;1654g;941s;3ss;104
                                                                         Eureptilia Olson, 1947
                                                                        Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 438 [inferred rank]; Count: 35o;301f;3344g;20,060s;7724ss;1v;1; ‡2o;7f;60g;278s;65ss; †51o;300f;1573g;916s;3ss;104
                                                                           Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
                                                                          Ref: R.V. Hill, 2005: fig. 5; Count: [s] 35o;301f;3344g;20,060s;7724ss;1v;1; ‡2o;7f;60g;278s;65ss; †51o;299f;1571g;915s;3ss;104
                                                                             Clade Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020]
                                                                            Ref: J.A. Gauthier & K. de Queiroz, 2020: [1033] [validation] [indirect position]; Count: 35o;301f;3344g;20,060s;7724ss;1v;1; ‡2o;7f;60g;278s;65ss; †51o;298f;1569g;915s;3ss;104
                                                                               [crown] Clade Neodiapsida Benton 1985
                                                                              Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: box 5.1 (p. 124) [implicit position]; Benton et al., 2015: 52.; Count: 35o;301f;3344g;20,060s;7724ss;1v;1; ‡2o;7f;60g;278s;65ss; †48o;292f;1558g;909s;3ss;104
                                                                                 Clade Pan-Archelosauria W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021, sedis mutabilis
                                                                                Ref: RegNum, 2020-present: [29 Jul 2023] [nominal taxon] [indirect position]; Joyce et al., 2021: fig. 1b; Benton, 2015: box 5.1 (p. 124).; Count: 33o;219f;2253g;9985s;7337ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;59g;272s;65ss; †45o;252f;1456g;836s;3ss;104
                                                                                   [crown] Clade Archelosauria N.G. Crawford, J.F. Parham, A.B. Sellas, B.C. Faircloth, T.C. Glenn, T.J. Papenfuss, ..., W.B. Simison 2015 [W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021]
                                                                                  Ref: RegNum, 2020-present: [27 Jul 2023] [nominal taxon] [indirect position]; Joyce et al., 2021: 7, fig. 1b; Simões et al., 2022: fig. 1.; Count: 33o;219f;2253g;9985s;7337ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;59g;272s;65ss; †45o;252f;1456g;836s;3ss;104
                                                                                     Clade Pan-Archosauria Gauthier 2020
                                                                                    Ref: J.A. Gauthier, 2020: [1175] [new taxon] [indirect position]; Joyce et al., 2021: fig. 1b.; Count: 32o;205f;2160g;9642s;7166ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;58g;262s;62ss; †45o;231f;1421g;809s;3ss;104
                                                                                       Clade Archosauromorpha von Huene 1946 [Gauthier 2020]
                                                                                      Ref: J.A. Gauthier, 2020: [1179]; Count: 32o;205f;2160g;9642s;7166ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;58g;262s;62ss; †45o;231f;1420g;808s;3ss;104
                                                                                         Clade Crocopoda Ezcurra 2016
                                                                                        Ref: Ezcurra, 2016: 284 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Ezcurra, 2016: fig. 57; Ezcurra et al., 2020: ext. data fig. 4.; Count: 32o;205f;2160g;9642s;7166ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;58g;262s;62ss; †44o;229f;1409g;794s;3ss;104
                                                                                           Clade Archosauriformes Gauthier 1994 [Gauthier 2020]
                                                                                          Ref: M.D. Ezcurra et al., 2020: ext. data fig. 4; Count: 32o;205f;2160g;9642s;7166ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;58g;262s;62ss; †41o;226f;1386g;782s;3ss;102
                                                                                             Clade Crurotarsi Sereno & Arcucci 1990
                                                                                            Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 192 [implicit position]; Nesbitt, 2011: fig. 51.; Count: 32o;205f;2160g;9642s;7166ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;58g;262s;62ss; †40o;222f;1367g;774s;3ss;96 [1 Apr 2017]
                                                                                               [crown] Clade Archosauria Cope 1869 [Gauthier & Padian 2020]
                                                                                              Ref: J.A. Gauthier & K. Padian, 2020: [1187] [validation] [indirect position]; Nesbitt, 2011: fig. 51.; Count: 32o;205f;2160g;9642s;7166ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;58g;262s;62ss; †39o;221f;1358g;765s;3ss;93
                                                                                                 Clade Pan-Aves Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
                                                                                                Ref: M.D. Ezcurra et al., 2020: Methods (p. [1]) [validation]; Ezcurra et al., 2020: ext. data fig. 4.; Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †32o;182f;1112g;607s;3ss;51
                                                                                                   Clade Ornithodira Gauthier 1986 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
                                                                                                  Ref: M.D. Ezcurra et al., 2020: Methods (p. [1]) [validation]; Ezcurra et al., 2020: ext. data fig. 4.; Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †32o;182f;1112g;607s;3ss;51
                                                                                                     Clade Dinosauromorpha Benton 1985 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
                                                                                                    Ref: M.D. Ezcurra et al., 2020: Methods (p. [1]) [validation]; Ezcurra et al., 2020: ext. data fig. 4.; Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †31o;160f;1047g;580s;3ss;34
                                                                                                       Clade Dinosauriformes Novas 1992 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
                                                                                                      Ref: M.D. Ezcurra et al., 2020: Methods (p. [1]) [validation]; Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †31o;160f;1047g;580s;3ss;34
                                                                                                         Clade Dracohors Cau 2018
                                                                                                        Ref: A. Cau, 2018: 7 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Cau, 2018: fig. 3.; Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †31o;159f;1046g;579s;3ss;34
                                                                                                           Clade Dinosauria Owen 1842 [Langer, Novas, Bittencourt, Ezcurra & Gauthier 2020]
                                                                                                          Ref: M.C. Langer et al., 2020: [1209] [validation] [indirect position]; Ezcurra et al., 2020: ext. data fig. 4.; Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †31o;158f;1039g;573s;3ss;17
                                                                                                             Clade Saurischia Seeley 1888 [Gauthier, Langer, Novas, Bittencourt & Ezcurra 2020]
                                                                                                            Ref: J.A. Gauthier et al., 2020: [1219]; Novas et al., 2021: fig. 1.; Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †30o;139f;869g;499s;3ss;9
                                                                                                               Clade Eusaurischia Padian et al. 1999
                                                                                                              Ref: F.E. Novas et al., 2021: 12; Novas et al., 2021: fig. 1.; Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †29o;138f;862g;494s;3ss;6
                                                                                                                 Clade Theropoda Marsh 1881 [Naish, Cau, Holtz Jr., Fabbri & Gauthier 2020]
                                                                                                                Ref: D. Naish et al., 2020: [1235] [indirect position]; Novas et al., 2021: fig. 1.; Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †28o;119f;611g;336s;3ss;3
                                                                                                                   Clade Neotheropoda Bakker 1986 [Sereno 1998]
                                                                                                                  Ref: F.E. Novas et al., 2021: 3; Novas et al., 2021: fig. 1.; Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †28o;119f;609g;335s;3ss;3
                                                                                                                     Clade Averostra Paul 2002
                                                                                                                    Ref: R.N. Martínez & C. Apaldetti, 2017: 502 (fig. 11); Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †28o;117f;593g;326s;3ss;2
                                                                                                                       Clade Tetanurae Gauthier 1986
                                                                                                                      Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 3 (fig. 1); Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †28o;114f;563g;317s;3ss;2
                                                                                                                         Clade Orionides Carrano, Benson & Sampson 2012
                                                                                                                        Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 11 (fig. 4); Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †28o;114f;554g;306s;3ss;2
                                                                                                                           Clade Avetheropoda Paul 1988 [Padian et al. 1999]
                                                                                                                          Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 11 (fig. 4); Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †28o;111f;533g;287s;3ss;2
                                                                                                                             Clade Coelurosauria Huene 1914 [Gauthier 1986]
                                                                                                                            Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 3 (fig. 1); Count: [s] 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †28o;107f;505g;256s;3ss;1
                                                                                                                               Clade Tyrannoraptora Sereno 1999, nom. cl. inval.
                                                                                                                              Ref: T.R. Holtz Jr. & H. Osmólska, 2004: fig. S.2; Count: [s] 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †28o;107f;498g;250s;3ss;1
                                                                                                                                 Clade Maniraptoriformes Holtz 1995 [Holtz 1996]
                                                                                                                                Ref: T.R. Holtz Jr. & H. Osmólska, 2004: fig. S.2; Count: [s] 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †28o;104f;469g;238s;3ss;1
                                                                                                                                   Clade Maniraptora Gauthier 1986
                                                                                                                                  Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 13 (fig. 5); Count: [s] 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †28o;102f;457g;226s;3ss;1
                                                                                                                                     Clade Pennaraptora Foth et al. 2014
                                                                                                                                    Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 13 (fig. 5); Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †28o;98f;427g;203s;3ss;1
                                                                                                                                       Clade Paraves Sereno 1997 [Sereno 1998]
                                                                                                                                      Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 13 (fig. 5); Count: 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †27o;93f;400g;183s;3ss;1
                                                                                                                                         Clade Avialae Gauthier 1986
                                                                                                                                        Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 3 (fig. 1); Count: [s] 31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †27o;91f;359g;173s;3ss
                                                                                                                                           [Class Aves Linnaeus, 1758 - birds] see Subclass Aves Linnaeus, 1758
                                                                                                                                          Ref: J.K. O'Connor et al., 2010: 312 [indirect position]; Count: †4o;4f
                                                                                                                                             [Order †Caenagnathiformes Sternberg, 1940]
                                                                                                                                            Ref: 2003; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             [Order Carinatæ Merrem, 1813]
                                                                                                                                            Ref: E.R. Lankester, 1877: 453; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             [Order †"Ichthornithiformes"] see Order Ichthyornithiformes Marsh, 1873
                                                                                                                                            Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 320; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             [Genus Leptopus Fraser, 1845, nom. illeg.]
                                                                                                                                            Ref: S.A. Neave, [2005]: 18 May 2008 [nominal taxon] [implicit position]; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             Order †Limnornithiformes Kessler & Jurcsák, 1984, nom. illeg.
                                                                                                                                            Ref: 2003; Count: †2f
                                                                                                                                             Order †Praeornithiformes Rautian, 1978
                                                                                                                                            Ref: 2003; Count: †1f
                                                                                                                                             Family †Ptenopodiscidae
                                                                                                                                            Ref: 2003; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             [Order Ratitæ (Merrem, 1813)]
                                                                                                                                            Ref: E.R. Lankester, 1877: 453; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             [Genus †Scanirnis]
                                                                                                                                            Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002 [rough position]; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             Order †Sinosauropterygiformes Ji & Ji, 1996
                                                                                                                                            Ref: 2003; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             Order †Yandangithformes
                                                                                                                                            Ref: 2003; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             0.1.0 [Genus †Rahona Forster, Sampson, Chiappe & Krause, 1998, nom. illeg.] see Genus Rahonavis Forster, Sampson, Chiappe & Krause, 1998
                                                                                                                                            Ref: 1999 [indirect position]; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             1.0 [Subclass †Archaeornithes Gadow, 1893] see Superorder Archaeornithes Gadow, 1893
                                                                                                                                            Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 624; Count: †6o;2f
                                                                                                                                             1.0 [Subclass †"Archeornithes"] see Subclass Archaeornithes Gadow, 1893
                                                                                                                                            Ref: 1990; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             1.0 [Subclass †Sauriurae Haeckel, 1866] see Subclass Archaeornithes Gadow, 1893
                                                                                                                                            Ref: E.N. Kurochkin, 1996: 22; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             1.0 [Order Saururæ]
                                                                                                                                            Ref: E.R. Lankester, 1877: 453; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             2.2.2.0 [Subclass Pygostylia Chiappe, 2002] see Clade Pygostylia Chatterjee 1997 [Chiappe 2001]
                                                                                                                                            Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 398; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             2.2.2.2.2.2 [Order Accipitres Linnaeus, 1758] see Suborder Accipitres (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
                                                                                                                                            Ref: C. a Linné, 1766: 121; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             2.2.2.2.2.2 [Order Anseres Linnaeus, 1758] see Suborder Anseres Linnaeus, 1758
                                                                                                                                            Ref: C. a Linné, 1766: 194; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             2.2.2.2.2.2 [Order Gallinae Linnaeus, 1758]
                                                                                                                                            Ref: C. a Linné, 1766: 267; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             2.2.2.2.2.2 [Order Grallae Linnaeus, 1758]
                                                                                                                                            Ref: C. a Linné, 1766: 230; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             2.2.2.2.2.2 [Subclass Ornithurae Haeckel, 1866] see Clade Ornithurae Haeckel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] {Chiappe 1991}
                                                                                                                                            Ref: Z. Zhou & F. Zhang, 2006: 79; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             2.2.2.2.2.2 [Order Passeres Linnaeus, 1758] see Suborder Passeres (C. Linnaeus, 1758) C. Linnaeus, 1766
                                                                                                                                            Ref: C. a Linné, 1766: 279; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             2.2.2.2.2.2 [Order Picae Linnaeus, 1758] see Parvclass Picae (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
                                                                                                                                            Ref: C. a Linné, 1766: 139; Count: -
                                                                                                                                             2.2.2.2.2.2.0 [Subclass †Odontoholcae (Marsh, 1875) Stejneger, 1885] see Cohort Ornithurae Haeckel, 1866
                                                                                                                                            Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1963: 191; Count: -

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Last updated: 1 Feb 2024