Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Craniata auct.
Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
Clade Pan-Gnathostomata Downs 2020
Superclass Gnathostomataᵀ Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
[crown] Clade Eugnathostomata
Clade Pan-Osteichthyes Rowe 2004 [Moore & Near 2020]
Clade Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [Moore & Near 2020]
Clade Pan-Actinopterygii Rowe 2004 [Moore & Near 2020]
Clade Actinopterygiiᵀ Woodward 1891 [Moore & Near 2020]
Clade Pan-Actinopteri Moore & Near 2020
Class Actinopteri Cope, 1871
Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
Infraclass Teleosteomorpha Arratia, 2001
Division Teleostei Müller, 1845
Supercohort Teleocephala de Pinna, 1996 - crown-group Teleostei
Cohort Clupeocephala Patterson & Rosen, 1977
Subcohort Otomorpha Wiley & Johnson, 2010
Superorder Ostariophysi Sagemehl, 1885
Section Otophysa Rosen & Greenwood, 1970
Superorder Cypriniphysae [monotypic]
Order Cypriniformesᵀ Bleeker, 1859 - carps, loaches, minnows, and relatives
Suborder Cobitoidei
Family Cobitidaeᵀ Swainson, 1838 - spined loaches
Genus Cobitisᵀ Linnaeus, 1758
01 †Cobitis centrochir Agassiz, 1835
02 †Cobitis cephalotes Agassiz, 1832
03 †Cobitis longipectoralis
04 Cobitis amphilekta Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2012
05 Cobitis arachthosensis Economidis & Nalbant, 1996
06 Cobitis arenae (Lin, 1934)
07 Cobitis battalgili Băcescu, 1962
08 Cobitis bilineata Canestrini, 1866
09 Cobitis bilseli Battalgil, 1942
10 Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder, 1901
11 Cobitis calderoni Băcescu, 1962
12 Cobitis choii Kim & Son, 1984
13 Cobitis dalmatina Karaman, 1928
14 Cobitis dolichorhynchus Nichols, 1918
15 Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu, 1988
16 Cobitis elongata Heckel & Kner, 1858 - Balkan Loach
17 Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer, 1969
18 Cobitis evreni Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008
19 Cobitis fahirae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998
20 Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil'eva, Vatandoust & Vasil'ev, 2011
21 Cobitis granoei Rendahl, 1935
22 Cobitis hankugensis Kim, Park, Son & Nalbant, 2003
23 Cobitis hellenica Economidis & Nalbant, 1996
24 Cobitis illyrica Freyhof & Stelbrink, 2007
25 Cobitis jadovaensis Mustafic & Mrakovcic, 2008
26 Cobitis kellei Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998
27 Cobitis keyvani Sabet, Yerli, Vatandoust, Özeren & Moradkhani, 2012
28 Cobitis kurui Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998
29 Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage, 1878)
30 Cobitis levantina Krupp & Moubayed, 1992
31 Cobitis linea (Heckel, 1847)
32 Cobitis longitaeniatus Ngô, 2008
33 Cobitis lutheri Rendahl, 1935
34 Cobitis macrostigma Dabry de Thiersant, 1872
35 Cobitis maroccana Pellegrin, 1929
36 Cobitis matsubarai Okada & Ikeda, 1939
37 Cobitis megaspila Nalbant, 1993
38 Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols, 1925
39 Cobitis meridionalis Karaman, 1924
40 Cobitis microcephala Chen & Chen, 2011
41 Cobitis multimaculata Chen & Chen, 2011
42 Cobitis narentana Karaman, 1928
43 Cobitis nuicocensis Nguyen & Vo, 2005
44 Cobitis ohridana Karaman, 1928
45 Cobitis pacifica Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999
46 Cobitis paludica (de Buen, 1930)
47 Cobitis peschevi Sivkov & Dobrovolov, 1984
48 Cobitis phongnhaensis Ngô, 2008
49 Cobitis phrygica Battalgazi, 1944
50 Cobitis pontica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2006
51 Cobitis puncticulata Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998
52 Cobitis punctilineata Economidis & Nalbant, 1996
53 Cobitis rara Chen, 1981, nom. corr.
54 Cobitis rhodopensis Vassilev, 1998
55 Cobitis satunini Gladkov, 1935
56 Cobitis shikokuensis Suzawa, 2006
57 Cobitis simplicispina Hankó, 1925
58 Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874
59 Cobitis splendens Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998
60 Cobitis squataeniatus Ngô, 2008
61 Cobitis stephanidisi Economidis, 1992
62 Cobitis striata Ikeda, 1936
63 Cobitis strumicae Karaman, 1955
64 Cobitis taeniaᵀ Linnaeus, 1758
65 Cobitis takatsuensis Mizuno, 1970
66 Cobitis tanaitica Băcescu & Mayer, 1969
67 Cobitis taurica Vasil'eva, Vasil'ev, Janko, Ráb & Rábová, 2005
68 Cobitis tetralineata Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999
69 Cobitis trichonica Stephanidis, 1974
70 Cobitis turcica Hankó, 1925
71 Cobitis vardarensis Karaman, 1928
72 Cobitis vettonica Doadrio & Perdices, 1997
73 Cobitis ylengensis Ngô, 2003
74 Cobitis zanandreai Cavicchioli, 1965
75 Cobitis zhejiangensis Son & He, 2005