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Under construction
Paraphyletic taxon: Class Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 - bony fishes (fish)
Classification by:

Natura - nature
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1748: 210; Count: 14k;234p;890c;1643o;9905f;114,238g;258,273s;29,231ss;2072v;35,692;112e; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v;7; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;496;14e
   actualia - actual entities
  Ref: A. Voltolini, 2006: 44 (note 19) [assumed position]; Count: 14k;234p;890c;1643o;9905f;114,238g;258,268s;29,231ss;2072v;35,692;112e; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v;7; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;496;14e
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
    Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 5 [indirect position]; 24 Apr 2014.; Count: 14k;234p;890c;1643o;9905f;114,238g;258,268s;29,231ss;2072v;35,690;112e; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v;7; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;496;14e
       naturalia - natural bodies
      Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 6 [implicit position]; Count: 8k;234p;890c;1643o;9829f;114,228g;257,844s;29,231ss;2041v;11; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;104
         [crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
        Ref: J. Wiemann et al., 2020: [13] [validation] [inferred position]; Count: 6k;234p;415c;1635o;9829f;114,185g;254,617s;29,229ss;2013v;11; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;607o;3558f;17,811g;6426s;207ss;2v;104
           Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
          Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002b: 297 [inferred position]; Count: 6k;89p;344c;1479o;9331f;110,640g;238,293s;28,828ss;1995v;4; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;607o;3557f;17,804g;6417s;207ss;2v;104
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
            Ref: P.M. Kirk et al., 2008: 248 [indirect position]; 19 Sep 2015.; Count: 6k;84p;334c;1460o;9299f;110,513g;237,847s;28,828ss;1995v;4; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;607o;3557f;17,804g;6417s;207ss;2v;104
               Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
              Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Count: 5k;83p;333c;1459o;9297f;110,373g;237,822s;28,828ss;1995v;4; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;90c;605o;3537f;17,621g;6331s;201ss;2v;104
                 Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11 [new taxon]; Count: [p] 3k;56p;187c;849o;7231f;88,375g;216,877s;28,335ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                   Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
                  Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11; Count: [p] 3k;56p;186c;848o;7229f;88,371g;216,869s;28,335ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                     [crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
                    Ref: A.G.B. Simpson et al., 2020: [97] [validation] [indirect position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.; Count: [p] 3k;56p;183c;845o;7224f;88,365g;216,864s;28,335ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                       [crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
                      Ref: Brown, 2013: 7 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2021: fig. 11.; Count: [p] 3k;55p;176c;826o;7170f;88,203g;216,582s;28,333ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                         [crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
                        Ref: A.G.B. Simpson & M. Medina, 2020: [103] [validation] [indirect position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.; Count: [p] 3k;55p;174c;824o;7167f;88,194g;216,571s;28,333ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                           Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
                          Ref: L. Tedersoo et al., 2018: 154 [implicit position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.; Count: [p] 1k;33p;95c;582o;6230f;78,878g;214,219s;28,325ss;483v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;69c;501o;3020f;12,905g;5175s;107ss;2v;104 [25 Aug 2019]
                             Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
                            Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [inferred position]; 19 Jan 2016.; Count: [p] 1k;33p;94c;579o;6219f;78,847g;214,171s;28,325ss;483v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;69c;501o;3020f;12,905g;5175s;107ss;2v;104 [25 Aug 2019]
                               Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                              Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [implicit position]; Count: [p] 33p;92c;576o;6214f;78,792g;214,104s;28,325ss;482v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;69c;501o;3020f;12,905g;5175s;107ss;2v;104
                                 Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
                                Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1a) [inferred position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.; Count: 31p;86c;541o;6049f;78,029g;213,554s;28,306ss;471v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †2p;63c;472o;2723f;11,405g;4921s;107ss;2v;104
                                   Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
                                  Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.; Count: 29p;80c;518o;5812f;77,137g;212,817s;28,301ss;463v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †2p;58c;458o;2710f;11,281g;4825s;107ss;2v;104
                                     Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
                                    Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1b) [implicit position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.; Count: 28p;78c;516o;5788f;77,051g;212,795s;28,301ss;463v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †1p;55c;458o;2706f;11,261g;4803s;107ss;2v;104
                                       Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
                                      Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.; Count: [p] 3p;18c;190o;1248f;10,492g;62,113s;12,707ss;308v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †1p;28c;278o;1167f;7716g;3164s;75ss;1v;104 [27 Apr 2019]
                                         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
                                        Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.; Count: 9c;149o;1087f;9946g;61,722s;12,699ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †7c;221o;1145f;7573g;3111s;70ss;1v;104
                                           Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
                                          Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48); Count: [fc] 6c;142o;1063f;9855g;61,522s;12,695ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †7c;221o;1145f;7568g;3110s;70ss;1v;104
                                             [Infraphylum Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates] see Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874
                                            Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48); auct.; Count: -
                                               [Class Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 [paraphyletic] - bony fishes] see [unranked] Euteleostomi
                                              Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 434; Count: †2o
                                                 [Order Alepisauriformes Regan, 1911]
                                                Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 311; Count: -
                                                 Order †Bobasatraniformes
                                                Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 307; Count: -
                                                 Order †Cephaloxeniformes
                                                Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 307; Count: -
                                                 [Subclass Choanichthyes] see Subclass Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
                                                Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986 [indirect position]; Count: -
                                                 [Order Megalopiformes]
                                                Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 309; Count: -
                                                 [Order "Syngnathiiformes" Bailly, Eschmeyer, Froese, Quéro, van der Land, Costello, Zavodnik, Serrão Santos & Mora Porteiro, 2001, orth. inval.] see Order Syngnathiformes Berg, 1940
                                                Ref: N. Bailly et al., 2001: 368; Count: -
                                                 [Order "Tetradontiformes"] see Order Tetraodontiformes Berg, 1937
                                                Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 318; Count: -
                                                 1 [Subclass †Acanthodii Owen, 1846] see Class Acanthodii Owen, 1846
                                                Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986: App. 1 (p. 621); Count: -
                                                 1 [Subclass Paleopterygii]
                                                Ref: 1977; Count: -
                                                 2 [Subclass Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes] see Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
                                                Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 434; Count: -
                                                 2.0 [Subclass "Actinopterygi"] see Subclass Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
                                                Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: fig. 7.7 [error]; Count: -
                                                 2.2.0 [Subclass Brachiopterygii]
                                                Ref: 1989; Count: -
                                                 3 [Subclass Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955 [paraphyletic]] see Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
                                                Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 436; Count: 1o; †3f;6g;1s
                                                 3.1.0 [Subclass Dipneusti] see Order Dipnoi Müller, 1844
                                                Ref: 1989; Count: -
                                                 3.1.0 [Order Dipteriformes]
                                                Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 305; Count: -
                                                 3.2 [Subclass Crossopterygii Huxley, 1861] see Infraclass Crossopterygii Huxley, 1861
                                                Ref: 1977; Count: -
                                                 3.2.0 [Order Coelocanthiformes]
                                                Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 305; Count: -

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Last updated: 1 Feb 2024