Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Craniata auct.
Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
Clade Pan-Gnathostomata Downs 2020
Superclass Gnathostomataᵀ Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
[crown] Clade Eugnathostomata
[crown] Class Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 - cartilaginous fishes
Subclass Euselachii Hay, 1902 - sharks, rays, and related fossils
Infraclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838
Division Batomorphi - rays
Order Torpediniformes de Buen, 1926 - electric rays
Family Torpedinidaeᵀ Henle, 1834 - torpedo electric rays
Genus Torpedoᵀ Duméril, 1805
.01 Torpedo adenensis Carvalho, Stehmann & Manilo, 2002
.02 Torpedo alexandrinsis Mazhar, 1987
.03 Torpedo andersoni Bullis, 1962
.04 Torpedo bauchotae Cadenat, Capape & Desoutter, 1978
.05 Torpedo californica Ayres, 1855 - Pacific electric ray
.06 Torpedo fairchildi Hutton, 1872 - electric ray
.07 Torpedo formosa Haas & Ebert, 2006
.08 Torpedo fuscomaculata Peters, 1855
.09 Torpedo mackayana Metzelaar, 1919
.10 Torpedo macneilli (Whitley, 1932) - shorttail torpedo
.11 Torpedo microdiscus Parin & Kotlyar, 1985
.12 Torpedo panthera Olfers, 1831 - panther electric ray
.13 Torpedo peruana Chirichigno F., 1963 - electric ray
.14 Torpedo puelcha Lahille, 1926
.15 Torpedo semipelagica Parin & Kotlyar, 1985
.16 Torpedo sinuspersici Olfers, 1831 - marbled electric ray
.17 Torpedo suessii Steindachner, 1898
.18 Torpedo tokionis (Tanaka, 1908)
.19 Torpedo tremens de Buen, 1959 - torpedo
2 Subgenus Torpedo (Torpedo)ᵀ Duméril, 1805