Natura - nature
  
 actualia - actual entities
    
 Mundus Plinius - physical world
      
 naturalia - natural bodies
        
 Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
          
 Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
            
 Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
              
 Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                
 Clade natates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                  
 Clade photaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                    
 Clade eucorta Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                      
 Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878 - corticates
                        
 Kingdom Chromista Caval.-Sm. (1981) - chromists
                          
 Subkingdom Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010
                            
 Clade Sar Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson & Dunthorn 2020]
                              
 Infrakingdom Halvaria Cavalier-Smith, 2010
                                
 Superphylum Heterokonta Caval.-Sm. (1986)
                                  
 Phylum Ochrophyta Caval.-Sm. (1995)
                                    
 Subphylum Khakista Caval.-Sm. (2000)
                                      
 Diatomea Kütz. (1844)
                                        
 Class Bacillariophyceae Haeckel (1878) - pennates
                                          
 Subclass Bacillariophycidaeᵀ D.G.Mann (1990) - raphid diatoms
                                            
 Order Rhopalodiales D.G.Mann (1990) [monotypic]
                                              
 Family Rhopalodiaceaeᵀ (Karsten) Topachevs'kyj & Oksiyuk (1960)
                                                
 Genus Epithemia Bréb. ex Kütz. (1844)
                                                  
 Epithemia adnata (Kützing) Bréb. (1838)
                                                    
 Epithemia adnata var. porcellus (Kützing) Ross (1950)
                                                    
 Epithemia adnata var. proboscidea (Kützing) Hendey (1954)
                                                    
 Epithemia adnata var. saxonica (Kützing) R.M. Patrick, in R.M. Patrick & Reimer (1975)