Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 - mammals
   Subclass Theria Parker & Haswell, 1897
     Order Carnivora Bowdich, 1821 - carnivores
       Suborder Caniformia Kretzoi, 1943
         Family Canidae Batsch, 1788 - dogs, wolves, coyotes, jackals, and foxes
           Genus Canis Linnaeus, 1758 - dogs, wolves, coyotes, and jackals
             Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 - wolf
               Canis lupus youngi Goldman, 1937