life see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Empire Eukaryota (Chatton, 1925) see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Kingdom Fungi R.T.Moore (1980) - fungi
       Subkingdom Neomycota Caval.-Sm. (1998) see Subkingdom Dikarya Hibbett, T.Y. James & Vilgalys (2007)
         Phylum Ascomycota Caval.-Sm. (1998) - sac fungi
           Subphylum Hemiascomycotina (Brefeldt) Ainsworth (1966) [paraphyletic?] see Subphylum Saccharomycotina O.E. Erikss. & Winka (1997)
             Class Taphrinomycetes T. Cavalier-Sm., 1987 ex T. Cavalier-Sm. (1998) see Class Taphrinomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka (1997)
               Genus Taphrina Fr. (1815), nom. sanct.