 Natura - nature
 Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
 actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
 Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
 naturalia - natural bodies
         Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
 Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
 Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
 Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
 Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                 Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
 Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                   Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
 Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
                     Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
 Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
                       Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
 Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
                         Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
 Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
                           Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
 Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
                             Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
 Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
                               Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
 Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                                 Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
 Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
                                   Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
 Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
                                     Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
 Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
                                       Infrakingdom Protostomia Grobben, 1908
 Infrakingdom Protostomia Grobben, 1908
                                         Superphylum Ecdysozoa Aguinaldo, Turbeville, Linford, Rivera, Garey, Raff & Lake, 1997
 Superphylum Ecdysozoa Aguinaldo, Turbeville, Linford, Rivera, Garey, Raff & Lake, 1997
                                           Panarthropoda Nielsen, 1995 - panarthropods
 Panarthropoda Nielsen, 1995 - panarthropods
                                             Tactopoda Budd, 2001
 Tactopoda Budd, 2001
                                               Phylum Arthropoda Siebold, 1848 - arthropods
 Phylum Arthropoda Siebold, 1848 - arthropods
                                                 Euarthropoda
 Euarthropoda
                                                   Antennulata
 Antennulata
                                                     Subphylum Mandibulata Snodgrass, 1938
 Subphylum Mandibulata Snodgrass, 1938
                                                       Infraphylum Pancrustacea Zrzavý & Štys, 1997
 Infraphylum Pancrustacea Zrzavý & Štys, 1997
                                                         Altocrustacea
 Altocrustacea
                                                           Miracrustacea
 Miracrustacea
                                                             Superclass Hexapoda Latreille, 1825
 Superclass Hexapoda Latreille, 1825
                                                               Cercophora
 Cercophora
                                                                 Class Insecta Linnaeus, 1758 - insects
 Class Insecta Linnaeus, 1758 - insects
                                                                   Subclass Dicondylia Haeckel, 1866
 Subclass Dicondylia Haeckel, 1866
                                                                     Infraclass Pterygota Lang, 1888
 Infraclass Pterygota Lang, 1888
                                                                       Metapterygota
 Metapterygota
                                                                         Neoptera Martynov, 1923
 Neoptera Martynov, 1923
                                                                           Eumetabola
 Eumetabola
                                                                             Holometabola
 Holometabola
                                                                               Order Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758 - beetles
 Order Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758 - beetles
                                                                                 Suborder Polyphaga Emery, 1886
 Suborder Polyphaga Emery, 1886
                                                                                   Series Scarabaeiformia Crowson, 1960
 Series Scarabaeiformia Crowson, 1960
                                                                                     Superfamily Scarabaeoideaᵀ Latreille, 1802
 Superfamily Scarabaeoideaᵀ Latreille, 1802
                                                                                       Family Scarabaeidaeᵀ Latreille, 1802 - scarab beetles, dung beetles, and june "bugs"
 Family Scarabaeidaeᵀ Latreille, 1802 - scarab beetles, dung beetles, and june "bugs"
                                                                                         Subfamily Melolonthinae Leach, in Samouelle, 1819
 Subfamily Melolonthinae Leach, in Samouelle, 1819
                                                                                           Genus Amphimallon Berthold, 1827
 Genus Amphimallon Berthold, 1827
                                                                                           ?Genus Anoxia Laporte, 1833
 ?Genus Anoxia Laporte, 1833
                                                                                           Genus Popilia Leach, 1829
 Genus Popilia Leach, 1829
                                                                                           01 Genus Diaphylla Erichson, 1847
 01 Genus Diaphylla Erichson, 1847
                                                                                           02 Genus Hilarianus Blanchard
 02 Genus Hilarianus Blanchard
                                                                                           03 Genus Manonychus Moser, 1919
 03 Genus Manonychus Moser, 1919
                                                                                           04 Genus Pseudoisonychus Frey
 04 Genus Pseudoisonychus Frey
                                                                                           05 Tribe Pachypodini Erichson, 1840
 05 Tribe Pachypodini Erichson, 1840
                                                                                           06 Tribe Lichniini Burmeister, 1844
 06 Tribe Lichniini Burmeister, 1844
                                                                                           07 Tribe Euchirini Hope, 1840
 07 Tribe Euchirini Hope, 1840
                                                                                           08 Tribe Systellopini Sharp, 1877
 08 Tribe Systellopini Sharp, 1877
                                                                                           09 Tribe Chasmatopterini Lacordaire, 1856
 09 Tribe Chasmatopterini Lacordaire, 1856
                                                                                           10 Tribe Oncerini LeConte, 1861
 10 Tribe Oncerini LeConte, 1861
                                                                                           11 Tribe Podolasiini Howden, 1997
 11 Tribe Podolasiini Howden, 1997
                                                                                           12 Tribe Ablaberini Blanchard, 1850
 12 Tribe Ablaberini Blanchard, 1850
                                                                                           13 Tribe Sericini Kirby, 1837
 13 Tribe Sericini Kirby, 1837
                                                                                           14 Tribe Phyllotocidiini Britton, 1957
 14 Tribe Phyllotocidiini Britton, 1957
                                                                                           15 Tribe Diphucephalini Laporte, 1840
 15 Tribe Diphucephalini Laporte, 1840
                                                                                           16 Tribe Comophorinini Britton, 1957
 16 Tribe Comophorinini Britton, 1957
                                                                                           17 Tribe Stethaspini Burmeister, 1855
 17 Tribe Stethaspini Burmeister, 1855
                                                                                           18 Tribe Automoliini Britton, 1978
 18 Tribe Automoliini Britton, 1978
                                                                                           19 Tribe Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855
 19 Tribe Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855
                                                                                           20 Tribe Liparetrini Burmeister, 1855
 20 Tribe Liparetrini Burmeister, 1855
                                                                                           21 Tribe Scitalini Britton, 1957
 21 Tribe Scitalini Britton, 1957
                                                                                           22 Tribe Pachytrichini Burmeister, 1855
 22 Tribe Pachytrichini Burmeister, 1855
                                                                                           23 Tribe Sericoidini Erichson, 1847
 23 Tribe Sericoidini Erichson, 1847
                                                                                           24 Tribe Heteronychini Lacordaire, 1856
 24 Tribe Heteronychini Lacordaire, 1856
                                                                                           25 Tribe Diplotaxini Kirby, 1837
 25 Tribe Diplotaxini Kirby, 1837
                                                                                           26 Tribe Melolonthiniᵀ Leach, in Samouelle, 1819
 26 Tribe Melolonthiniᵀ Leach, in Samouelle, 1819
                                                                                           27 Tribe Pachydemini Burmeister, 1855, nom. protect.
 27 Tribe Pachydemini Burmeister, 1855, nom. protect.
                                                                                           28.1 Tribe Macrodactylini (Kirby, 1837)
 28.1 Tribe Macrodactylini (Kirby, 1837)
                                                                                           28.2 Tribe Dichelonychini (Burmeister, 1855)
 28.2 Tribe Dichelonychini (Burmeister, 1855)
                                                                                           29 Tribe Diphycerini Medvedev, 1952
 29 Tribe Diphycerini Medvedev, 1952
                                                                                           30 Tribe Hopliini Latreille, 1829
 30 Tribe Hopliini Latreille, 1829
                                                                                           31 Tribe Colymbomorphini Blanchard, 1850
 31 Tribe Colymbomorphini Blanchard, 1850
                                                                                           32 Tribe Tanyproctini Erichson 1847
 32 Tribe Tanyproctini Erichson 1847
                                                                                           33 Tribe †Cretomelolonthini Nikolajev, 1998
 33 Tribe †Cretomelolonthini Nikolajev, 1998