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Under construction
Taxon: Order Phasmatodea Jacobsen & Bianchi, 1902 - stick and leaf insects (insect)
Classification by:

Natura - nature
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1748: 210; Count: 14k;234p;890c;1643o;9905f;114,238g;258,273s;29,231ss;2072v;35,692;112e; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v;7; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;496;14e
   actualia - actual entities
  Ref: A. Voltolini, 2006: 44 (note 19) [assumed position]; Count: 14k;234p;890c;1643o;9905f;114,238g;258,268s;29,231ss;2072v;35,692;112e; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v;7; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;496;14e
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
    Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 5 [indirect position]; 24 Apr 2014.; Count: 14k;234p;890c;1643o;9905f;114,238g;258,268s;29,231ss;2072v;35,690;112e; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v;7; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;496;14e
       naturalia - natural bodies
      Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 6 [implicit position]; Count: 8k;234p;890c;1643o;9829f;114,228g;257,844s;29,231ss;2041v;11; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;104
         [crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
        Ref: J. Wiemann et al., 2020: [13] [validation] [inferred position]; Count: 6k;234p;415c;1635o;9829f;114,185g;254,617s;29,229ss;2013v;11; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;607o;3558f;17,811g;6426s;207ss;2v;104
           Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
          Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002b: 297 [inferred position]; Count: 6k;89p;344c;1479o;9331f;110,640g;238,293s;28,828ss;1995v;4; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;607o;3557f;17,804g;6417s;207ss;2v;104
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
            Ref: P.M. Kirk et al., 2008: 248 [indirect position]; 19 Sep 2015.; Count: 6k;84p;334c;1460o;9299f;110,513g;237,847s;28,828ss;1995v;4; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;607o;3557f;17,804g;6417s;207ss;2v;104
               Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
              Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Count: 5k;83p;333c;1459o;9297f;110,373g;237,822s;28,828ss;1995v;4; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;90c;605o;3537f;17,621g;6331s;201ss;2v;104
                 Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11 [new taxon]; Count: [p] 3k;56p;187c;849o;7231f;88,375g;216,877s;28,335ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                   Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
                  Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11; Count: [p] 3k;56p;186c;848o;7229f;88,371g;216,869s;28,335ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                     [crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
                    Ref: A.G.B. Simpson et al., 2020: [97] [validation] [indirect position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.; Count: [p] 3k;56p;183c;845o;7224f;88,365g;216,864s;28,335ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                       [crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
                      Ref: Brown, 2013: 7 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2021: fig. 11.; Count: [p] 3k;55p;176c;826o;7170f;88,203g;216,582s;28,333ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                         [crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
                        Ref: A.G.B. Simpson & M. Medina, 2020: [103] [validation] [indirect position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.; Count: [p] 3k;55p;174c;824o;7167f;88,194g;216,571s;28,333ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
                           Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
                          Ref: L. Tedersoo et al., 2018: 154 [implicit position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.; Count: [p] 1k;33p;95c;582o;6230f;78,878g;214,219s;28,325ss;483v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;69c;501o;3020f;12,905g;5175s;107ss;2v;104 [25 Aug 2019]
                             Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
                            Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [inferred position]; 19 Jan 2016.; Count: [p] 1k;33p;94c;579o;6219f;78,847g;214,171s;28,325ss;483v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;69c;501o;3020f;12,905g;5175s;107ss;2v;104 [25 Aug 2019]
                               Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                              Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [implicit position]; Count: [p] 33p;92c;576o;6214f;78,792g;214,104s;28,325ss;482v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;69c;501o;3020f;12,905g;5175s;107ss;2v;104
                                 Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
                                Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1a) [inferred position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.; Count: 31p;86c;541o;6049f;78,029g;213,554s;28,306ss;471v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †2p;63c;472o;2723f;11,405g;4921s;107ss;2v;104
                                   Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
                                  Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.; Count: 29p;80c;518o;5812f;77,137g;212,817s;28,301ss;463v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †2p;58c;458o;2710f;11,281g;4825s;107ss;2v;104
                                     Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
                                    Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1b) [implicit position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.; Count: 28p;78c;516o;5788f;77,051g;212,795s;28,301ss;463v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †1p;55c;458o;2706f;11,261g;4803s;107ss;2v;104
                                       Infrakingdom Protostomia Grobben, 1908
                                      Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.; Count: 25p;60c;326o;4540f;66,559g;150,682s;15,594ss;155v; ‡1f;3g;101s;8ss; †27c;180o;1539f;3545g;1639s;32ss;1v
                                         Superphylum Ecdysozoa Aguinaldo, Turbeville, Linford, Rivera, Garey, Raff & Lake, 1997
                                        Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.; Count: [p] 8p;27c;169o;3267f;57,732g;134,971s;15,149ss;151v; ‡1f;3g;57s;4ss; †15c;91o;617f;2378g;1345s;20ss [27 Apr 2019]
                                           Panarthropoda Nielsen, 1995 - panarthropods
                                          Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 152 [implicit position]; Count: [p] 3p;19c;130o;2981f;56,992g;134,001s;15,143ss;151v; ‡1f;3g;57s;4ss; †14c;91o;616f;2339g;1340s;20ss
                                             Tactopoda Budd, 2001
                                            Ref: R.J. Howard et al., 2020: fig. S1[d] [implicit position]; Count: 2p;18c;129o;2979f;56,973g;133,985s;15,143ss;151v; ‡1f;3g;57s;4ss; †13c;87o;605f;2318g;1315s;20ss
                                               Phylum Arthropoda Siebold, 1848 - arthropods
                                              Ref: R.J. Howard et al., 2020: fig. S1[d]; Count: 15c;124o;2956f;56,878g;133,603s;15,127ss;148v; ‡1f;3g;57s;4ss; †13c;87o;604f;2317g;1313s;20ss
                                                 Euarthropoda
                                                Ref: J.C. Lamsdell, 2013: 14 [implicit position]; Count: 15c;124o;2956f;56,878g;133,603s;15,127ss;148v; ‡1f;3g;57s;4ss; †9c;74o;585f;2280g;1297s;20ss
                                                   Antennulata
                                                  Ref: C. Aria et al., 2020: 8 [implicit position]; Count: 12c;106o;2189f;46,788g;108,959s;14,357ss;146v; ‡1g;57s;4ss; †6c;61o;463f;1764g;1195s;16ss
                                                     [Subphylum] Mandibulata Snodgrass, 1938
                                                    Ref: C. Aria et al., 2020: 8 [inferred rank]; Count: 12c;106o;2189f;46,788g;108,959s;14,357ss;146v; ‡1g;57s;4ss; †3c;43o;288f;1132g;1067s;10ss
                                                       Infraphylum Pancrustacea Zrzavý & Štys, 1997
                                                      Ref: Schweitzer et al., 2020: 246 [Edgecombe, 2017: fig. 1] [indirect position]; Count: 8c;85o;2037f;46,085g;108,300s;14,326ss;105v; ‡1g;57s;4ss; †1c;34o;280f;1103g;1029s;10ss
                                                         Altocrustacea
                                                        Ref: J.C. Regier et al., 2010: fig. 1 [implicit position]; Count: 7c;77o;1968f;45,319g;107,804s;14,320ss;102v; ‡1g;55s;4ss; †1c;30o;263f;998g;955s;10ss
                                                           Miracrustacea
                                                          Ref: J.C. Regier et al., 2010: fig. 1; Count: 5c;38o;1093f;38,290g;101,265s;14,163ss;102v; ‡1g;46s;4ss; †16o;254f;891g;928s;10ss
                                                             Superclass Hexapoda Latreille, 1825
                                                            Ref: E.E. Ruppert et al., 2004: 723 [indirect position]; Count: 3c;36o;1089f;38,277g;101,255s;14,163ss;102v; ‡1g;46s;4ss; †15o;253f;887g;925s;10ss
                                                               Cercophora
                                                              Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2020: 235 [implicit position]; Count: 2c;31o;1051f;38,115g;100,339s;14,161ss;102v; ‡1g;46s;4ss; †15o;250f;885g;923s;10ss
                                                                 [Class] Insecta Linnaeus, 1758 - insects
                                                                Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2020: 235 [inferred rank]; Count: 31o;1051f;38,115g;100,339s;14,161ss;102v; ‡1g;46s;4ss; †15o;250f;885g;923s;10ss
                                                                   Subclass Dicondylia Haeckel, 1866
                                                                  Ref: R.W. Poole et al., 1997: 16; Count: [oo] 30o;1049f;38,096g;100,310s;14,161ss;102v; ‡1g;46s;4ss; †15o;248f;881g;919s;10ss
                                                                     Infraclass Pterygota Lang, 1888
                                                                    Ref: R.W. Poole et al., 1997: 16; Count: [oo] 29o;1044f;38,077g;100,288s;14,161ss;102v; ‡1g;46s;4ss; †15o;248f;878g;916s;10ss
                                                                       Metapterygota
                                                                      Ref: D. Grimaldi & M.S. Engel, 2005: table 4.1 [implicit position]; Count: 28o;1016f;37,783g;99,450s;14,140ss;102v; ‡1g;44s;4ss; †14o;227f;829g;846s;10ss
                                                                         Neoptera Martynov, 1923
                                                                        Ref: D. Grimaldi & M.S. Engel, 2005: table 4.1; Count: 27o;987f;37,152g;98,886s;14,110ss;102v; ‡1g;44s;4ss; †8o;171f;825g;843s;10ss
                                                                           Polyneoptera
                                                                          Ref: J.C. Regier et al., 2010: fig. 1; Count: [oo] 10o;124f;3539g;7826s;1229ss; ‡1s; †3o;47f;296g;20s
                                                                             Anartioptera
                                                                            Ref: D. Grimaldi & M.S. Engel, 2005: table 4.1; Count: [oo] 8o;99f;3358g;7681s;1229ss; ‡1s; †3o;47f;295g;19s
                                                                               Polyorthoptera
                                                                              Ref: D. Grimaldi & M.S. Engel, 2005: 193 [implicit position]; Count: [oo] 5o;74f;3220g;6989s;1229ss; †2o;35f;290g;11s
                                                                                 Superorder Orthopterida Boudreaux, 1979
                                                                                Ref: D. Grimaldi & M.S. Engel, 2005: 193; Count: [oo] 2o;61f;3149g;6925s;1229ss; †2o;35f;289g;10s
                                                                                   [Order Phasmatodea Jacobsen & Bianchi, 1902 - stick and leaf insects] see Order Phasmida Leach, 1815
                                                                                  Ref: D. Grimaldi & M.S. Engel, 2005: table 4.1; Count: -
                                                                                     3.0 [Suborder Euphasmatodea Bradler, 1999] see Suborder Verophasmatodea Zompro, 2004
                                                                                    Ref: D. Grimaldi & M.S. Engel, 2005: 213; Count: -
                                                                                     3.1.0 [Suborder Areolatae "Redtenbacher, 1906"] see Infraorder Areolatae "Redtenbacher, 1906"
                                                                                    Ref: D.K.McE. Kevan, 1982: 381 [invalid] [assumed position]; Count: -
                                                                                     3.2.0 [Suborder Anareolatae "Redtenbacher, 1906"] see Infraorder Anareolatae "Redtenbacher, 1906"
                                                                                    Ref: D.K.McE. Kevan, 1982: 382 [invalid] [assumed position]; Count: -
                                                                                     3.2.2.2.0 [Family "Phasmidae"ᵀ - walkingsticks] see Family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835
                                                                                    Ref: 1990; Count: -

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Last updated: 1 Feb 2024