Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [crown] Clade Biota J.R. Wagner, 2004 [J. Wiemann et al., 2020]
           Clade neomura T. Cavalier-Smith, 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade discaria T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021)
                 Clade dorsates T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021)
                   Clade podiates T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012)
                     [crown] Clade Amorphea S.M. Adl et al., 2012 [A.G.B. Simpson et al., 2020]
                       [crown] Clade Obazoa M.W. Brown et al., 2013, nom. cl. nov.
                         [crown] Clade Opisthokonta T. Cavalier-Smith, 1987 [A.G.B. Simpson & M. Medina, 2020] - animal-fungal clade
                           Superkingdom Holozoa B.F. Lang et al., 2002
                             Clade filozoa K. Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2008, nom. cl. nov.
                               Kingdom Animalia C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                                 Clade Planulozoa A. Wallberg et al., 2004, nom. cl. nov.
                                   Subkingdom Bilateria (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
                                     Clade Nephrozoa U. Jondelius et al., 2002, nom. cl. nov.
                                       Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
                                         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
                                           Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
                                             Myopterygii - myopterygians
                                               Superclass Gnathostomata C. Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
                                                 Grade Chondrichthiomorphi
                                                   Class Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 - cartilaginous fishes
                                                     Subclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838 - shark-like fishes
                                                       Infraclass Euselachii Hay, 1902 - sharks and rays, and related fossils
                                                         Division Neoselachii Compagno, 1977
                                                           Subdivision Batoidea - rays
                                                             Order Rajiformes Berg, 1940 - skates
                                                               Family Rajidaeᵀ Blainville, 1816 - skates
                                                                 Genus Dipturus Rafinesque, 1810
                                                                   Dipturus wuhanlingi Jeong & Nakabo, 2008