Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
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Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
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Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
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Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
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Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
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Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
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Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
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Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
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Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
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Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
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Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
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Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
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Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
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Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
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Subphylum Craniata auct.
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Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
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Clade Pan-Gnathostomata Downs 2020
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Superclass Gnathostomataᵀ Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
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[crown] Clade Eugnathostomata
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Clade Pan-Osteichthyes Rowe 2004 [Moore & Near 2020]
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Clade Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [Moore & Near 2020]
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Clade Pan-Sarcopterygii
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Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
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Clade Dipnotetrapodomorpha Nelson, 2006
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Clade Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
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Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
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Clade Osteolepidida Boulenger 1901 [Cloutier & Ahlberg 1996]
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Clade Eotetrapodiformes Coates & Friedman, 2010
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[crown] Clade Elpistostegalia Camp & Allison, 1961
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Clade Stegocephali Cope 1868 [Laurin 2020]
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Clade Labyrinthodontia Owen 1859 [Laurin 2020]
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Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Laurin 2020]
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Clade Pan-Amniota Rowe 2004 [Laurin & Smithson 2020]
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Clade Batrachosauria
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Clade Amniota Haeckel 1866 [Laurin & Reisz 2020]
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Clade Synapsida Osborn 1903 [Laurin & Reisz 2020]
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[crown] Clade Therapsida Broom 1905 [Rowe 2020]
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Clade Theriodontia Owen, 1876
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Clade Eutheriodontia
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Clade Cynodontia Owen 1861 [Rowe 2020]
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Clade Epicynodontia Hopson & Kitching 2001
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Clade Eucynodontia Kemp 1982 [Rowe 1993]
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Clade Probainognathia Hopson, 1990
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Clade Mammaliamorpha Rowe 1988 [Rowe 2020]
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Clade Mammaliaformes Rowe 1988 [Rowe 2020]
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Clade Amphilestheria Gaetano & Rougier 2011
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Clade Holotheria Wible, Rougier, Novacek, McKenna & Dashzeveg 1995
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Class Mammaliaᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - mammals
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Clade Theriimorphaᵀ Rowe 1993
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Clade Theriiformesᵀ Rowe 1988
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Clade Trechnotheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
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Clade Cladotheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
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Clade Zatheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
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Clade Prototribosphenidaᵀ Wible, Rougier, Novacek, McKenna & Dashzeveg 1995
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Clade Boreosphenidaᵀ Luo, Cifelli & Kielan-Jaworowska 2001
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Subclass Theriaᵀ Parker & Haswell, 1897
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Infraclass Eutheria Gill, 1872
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Cohort Placentalia Owen, 1837 - placentals
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Magnorder Boreoeutheria Springer & de Jong, 2001
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Superorder Euarchontoglires Murphy, Stanyon & O'Brien, 2001
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Grandorder Euarchonta Waddell, Okada & Hasegawa, 1999
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Order Primates Linnaeus, 1758 - primates
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Clade Euprimates
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Suborder Haplorhini Pocock, 1918
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Infraorder Simiiformes Haeckel, 1866
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Parvorder Catarrhini Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812
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Superfamily Hominoidea Gray, 1825
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Family Hominidaeᵀ Gray, 1825
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Subfamily Homininaeᵀ Gray, 1825
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Tribe Homininiᵀ Gray, 1825
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Subtribe Homininaᵀ Gray, 1825
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Genus Homoᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - people
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Homo sapiensᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - human
Clade natates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade photaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade eucorta Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878 - corticates
Kingdom Plantae Haeckel (1866) - plants
Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981) - green plants
Infrakingdom Streptophyta Caval.-Sm. (1993)
Clade Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Hall, McCourt, Delwiche, Mishler & Karol 2020]
Clade Embryophytaᵀ Engler 1887 [Mishler & Qiu 2020]
Clade Pan-Tracheophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
Clade Apo-Tracheophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
[crown] Phylum Tracheophytaᵀ Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998) - vascular plants
Clade Pan-Euphyllophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
Clade Euphyllophytaᵀ Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
Clade Pan-Spermatophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino, Doyle & Donoghue 2020]
Clade Lignophytaᵀ Crane & Kenrick 1997, nom. cl. inval.
Clade Apo-Spermatophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino, Doyle & Donoghue 2020]
[crown] Subphylum Spermatophytinaᵀ Caval.-Sm. (1998) - seed plants
Clade Pan-Angiospermae Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Doyle, Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
[crown] Class Magnoliopsidaᵀ Brongn. (1843)
Clade Mesangiospermaeᵀ Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2007 [Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2020]
Clade Tricolpataeᵀ Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2007 [Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2020]
Clade Eudicotyledoneaeᵀ Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2007 [Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2020]
Clade Gunneridaeᵀ Soltis, Soltis & Judd 2007 [Soltis, Soltis & Judd 2020]
Clade Pentapetalaeᵀ Soltis, Soltis & Judd 2007 [Soltis, Soltis & Judd 2020]
Clade Superasteridaeᵀ Judd, Soltis & Soltis 2011 [Judd, Soltis & Soltis 2020]
Superorder Asteranaeᵀ Takht. (1967)
Clade Gentianidaeᵀ Olmstead, Judd & Cantino 2007 [Olmstead, Judd & Cantino 2020]
Clade Campanulidaeᵀ Donoghue & Cantino 2007 [Donoghue & Cantino 2020]
Clade Apiidaeᵀ Donoghue & Cantino 2007 [Donoghue & Cantino 2020]
Order Asteralesᵀ Link (1829)
Family Compositaeᵀ Giseke (1792), nom. cons.
Subfamily Carduoideae Cass. ex Sw.
Tribe Cardueaeᵀ Cass. (1819)
Subtribe Carduinaeᵀ Dumort. (1827)
Genus Cousinia Cassini (1827)
Cousinia grandis C.A.Mey. ex DC. (1838)
Cousinia grandis var. minor Bornm.