Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown clade] Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown clade] Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown clade] Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown clade] Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
[node-based clade] Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
[branch-based clade] Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
[branch-based clade] Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
[branch-based clade] Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Craniata auct.
Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
[total clade] Pan-Gnathostomata Downs 2020
Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Eugnathostomata
[total clade] Pan-Osteichthyes Rowe 2004 [Moore & Near 2020]
[crown clade] Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [Moore & Near 2020]
[total clade] Pan-Sarcopterygii
[crown clade] Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Dipnotetrapodomorpha Nelson, 2006
[crown clade] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Osteolepidida Boulenger 1901 [Cloutier & Ahlberg 1996]
Eotetrapodiformes Coates & Friedman, 2010
Elpistostegalia Camp & Allison, 1961
[branch-based clade] Stegocephali Cope 1868 [Laurin 2020]
[node-based clade] Labyrinthodontia Owen 1859 [Laurin 2020]
[crown clade] Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Laurin 2020]
[total clade] Pan-Amniota Rowe 2004 [Laurin & Smithson 2020]
Batrachosauria
[crown clade] Amniota Haeckel 1866 [Laurin & Reisz 2020]
Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
Eureptilia Olson, 1947
Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
[apomorphy-based clade] Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020]
[branch-based clade] Neodiapsida Benton 1985 [sensu Reisz et al., 2011]
[crown clade] Sauria Macartney 1802 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020]
[total clade] Pan-Lepidosauria Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020
Lepidosauria Duméril & Bibron, 1839
[total clade] Pan-Squamata Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020
Squamata Oppel, 1811
Bifurcata Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Unidentata Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Episquamata Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Toxicofera Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Ophidia Brongniart, 1800
Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758 - snakes
Alethinophidia Nopcsa, 1923
Afrophidia Vidal, Delmas & Hedges, 2007
Caenophidia Hoffstetter, 1939
Colubroidea Oppel, 1811
Colubridae Oppel, 1811 - colubrids
Natricinae Bonaparte, 1838 - water snakes
Hebius Thomson, 1913
01 Hebius andreae (Ziegler & Le Khac Quyet, 2006)
02 Hebius arquus (David & Vogel, 2010)
03 Hebius atemporale (Bourret, 1934)
04 Hebius beddomei (Günther, 1864)
05 Hebius bitaeniatum (Wall, 1925)
06 Hebius boulengeri (Gressitt, 1937)
07 Hebius celebicum (Peters & Doria, 1878)
08 Hebius clerki (Wall, 1925)
09 Hebius concelarum (Malnate, 1963)
10 Hebius craspedogaster (Boulenger, 1899)
11 Hebius deschauenseei (Taylor, 1934)
12 Hebius flavifrons (Boulenger, 1887)
13 Hebius frenatum (Dunn, 1923)
14 Hebius groundwateri (Smith, 1922)
15 Hebius inas (Laidlaw, 1901)
16 Hebius ishigakiense (Malnate & Munsterman, 1960)
17 Hebius johannis (Boulenger, 1908)
18 Hebius kerinciense (David & Das, 2003)
19 Hebius khasiense (Boulenger, 1890)
20 Hebius leucomystax (David, Bain, Quang Truong, Orlov, Vogel, Ngoc Thanh & Ziegler, 2007)
21 Hebius metusium (Inger, Zhao, Shaffer & Wu, 1990)
22 Hebius miyajimae (Maki, 1931)
23 Hebius modestum (Günther, 1875)
24 Hebius monticola (Jerdon, 1853)
25 Hebius nicobariense (Sclater, 1891)
26 Hebius octolineatum (Boulenger, 1904)
27 Hebius optatum (Hu & Zhao, 1966)
28 Hebius parallelum (Boulenger, 1890)
29 Hebius pealii (Sclater, 1891)
30 Hebius petersii (Boulenger, 1893)
31 Hebius popei (Schmidt, 1925)
32 Hebius pryeri (Boulenger, 1887)
33 Hebius sanguineum (Smedley, 1932)
34 Hebius sarasinorum (Boulenger, 1896)
35 Hebius sarawacense (Günther, 1872)
36 Hebius sauteri (Boulenger, 1909)
37 Hebius taronense (Smith, 1940)
38 Hebius venningi (Wall, 1910)
39 Hebius vibakari (Boie, 1826)
40 Hebius viperinum (Schenkel, 1901)
41 Hebius xenura (Wall, 1907)