 Natura - nature
 Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
 actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
 Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
 naturalia - natural bodies
         Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
 Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
 Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
 Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
 Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                 Clade natates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
 Clade natates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                   Clade photaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
 Clade photaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                     Clade eucorta Cavalier-Smith, 2021
 Clade eucorta Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                       Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878 - corticates
 Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878 - corticates
                         Kingdom Plantae Haeckel (1866) - plants
 Kingdom Plantae Haeckel (1866) - plants
                           Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981) - green plants
 Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981) - green plants
                             Infrakingdom Streptophyta Caval.-Sm. (1993)
 Infrakingdom Streptophyta Caval.-Sm. (1993)
                               Clade Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Hall, McCourt, Delwiche, Mishler & Karol 2020]
 Clade Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Hall, McCourt, Delwiche, Mishler & Karol 2020]
                                 Clade Embryophytaᵀ Engler 1887 [Mishler & Qiu 2020]
 Clade Embryophytaᵀ Engler 1887 [Mishler & Qiu 2020]
                                   Clade Pan-Tracheophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
 Clade Pan-Tracheophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
                                     Clade Apo-Tracheophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
 Clade Apo-Tracheophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
                                       [crown] Phylum Tracheophytaᵀ Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998) - vascular plants
 [crown] Phylum Tracheophytaᵀ Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998) - vascular plants
                                         Clade Pan-Euphyllophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
 Clade Pan-Euphyllophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
                                           Clade Euphyllophytaᵀ Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
 Clade Euphyllophytaᵀ Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
                                             Clade Pan-Spermatophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino, Doyle & Donoghue 2020]
 Clade Pan-Spermatophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino, Doyle & Donoghue 2020]
                                               Clade Lignophytaᵀ Crane & Kenrick 1997, nom. cl. inval.
 Clade Lignophytaᵀ Crane & Kenrick 1997, nom. cl. inval.
                                                 Clade Apo-Spermatophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino, Doyle & Donoghue 2020]
 Clade Apo-Spermatophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino, Doyle & Donoghue 2020]
                                                   [crown] Subphylum Spermatophytinaᵀ Caval.-Sm. (1998) - seed plants
 [crown] Subphylum Spermatophytinaᵀ Caval.-Sm. (1998) - seed plants
                                                     Clade Pan-Angiospermae Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Doyle, Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
 Clade Pan-Angiospermae Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Doyle, Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
                                                       [crown] Class Magnoliopsidaᵀ Brongn. (1843)
 [crown] Class Magnoliopsidaᵀ Brongn. (1843)
                                                         Clade Mesangiospermaeᵀ Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2007 [Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2020]
 Clade Mesangiospermaeᵀ Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2007 [Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2020]
                                                           Superorder Lilianae Takht. (1967) - monocots
 Superorder Lilianae Takht. (1967) - monocots
                                                             Order Alismatales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl (1820)
 Order Alismatales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl (1820)
                                                               Family Araceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. - Arum family
 Family Araceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. - Arum family
                                                                 Genus Aglaodorum Schott (1858)
 Genus Aglaodorum Schott (1858)
                                                                 Genus Amauriella Rendle (1913)
 Genus Amauriella Rendle (1913)
                                                                 Genus Anchomanes Schott (1853)
 Genus Anchomanes Schott (1853)
                                                                 Genus Aridarum Ridley (1913)
 Genus Aridarum Ridley (1913)
                                                                 Genus Asterostigma F.E.L. Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (1845)
 Genus Asterostigma F.E.L. Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (1845)
                                                                 Genus Bakoa
 Genus Bakoa
                                                                 Genus Bognera
 Genus Bognera
                                                                 Genus Bucephalandra Schott (1858)
 Genus Bucephalandra Schott (1858)
                                                                 Genus Carlephyton H. Jumelle (1919)
 Genus Carlephyton H. Jumelle (1919)
                                                                 Genus Cercestis Schott (1857)
 Genus Cercestis Schott (1857)
                                                                 Genus Chlorospatha Engl. (1878)
 Genus Chlorospatha Engl. (1878)
                                                                 Genus Colletogyne Buchet (1939)
 Genus Colletogyne Buchet (1939)
                                                                 Genus Croatiella
 Genus Croatiella
                                                                 Genus Filarum Nicolson (1967)
 Genus Filarum Nicolson (1967)
                                                                 Genus Furtadoa M. Hotta (1981)
 Genus Furtadoa M. Hotta (1981)
                                                                 Genus Gearum N.E.Br. (1882)
 Genus Gearum N.E.Br. (1882)
                                                                 Genus Gorgonidium Schott (1864)
 Genus Gorgonidium Schott (1864)
                                                                 Genus Hapaline
 Genus Hapaline
                                                                 Genus Incarum
 Genus Incarum
                                                                 Genus Jasarum G.S. Bunting (1977)
 Genus Jasarum G.S. Bunting (1977)
                                                                 Genus Landoltia
 Genus Landoltia
                                                                 Genus Lasimorpha
 Genus Lasimorpha
                                                                 Genus Mangonia Schott (1857)
 Genus Mangonia Schott (1857)
                                                                 Genus Pedatyphonium
 Genus Pedatyphonium
                                                                 Genus Peltandra Rafinesque (1819), nom. cons.
 Genus Peltandra Rafinesque (1819), nom. cons.
                                                                 Genus Philonotion
 Genus Philonotion
                                                                 Genus Phymatarum M. Hotta (1965)
 Genus Phymatarum M. Hotta (1965)
                                                                 Genus Piptospatha N.E.Br. (1879)
 Genus Piptospatha N.E.Br. (1879)
                                                                 Genus Protarum Engl. (1901)
 Genus Protarum Engl. (1901)
                                                                 Genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (1892)
 Genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (1892)
                                                                 Genus Spathantheum Schott (1859)
 Genus Spathantheum Schott (1859)
                                                                 Genus Steudnera K.H.E. Koch (1862)
 Genus Steudnera K.H.E. Koch (1862)
                                                                 Genus Stylochiton
 Genus Stylochiton
                                                                 Genus Synandrospadix Engl. (1883)
 Genus Synandrospadix Engl. (1883)
                                                                 Genus Taccarum Brongn. ex Schott (1857)
 Genus Taccarum Brongn. ex Schott (1857)
                                                                 Genus Ulearum Engl. (1905)
 Genus Ulearum Engl. (1905)
                                                                 Genus Wolffia Horkel ex Schleid. (1844)
 Genus Wolffia Horkel ex Schleid. (1844)
                                                                 Genus Wolffiella Hegelmaier (1895)
 Genus Wolffiella Hegelmaier (1895)
                                                                 Genus Zanthosoma
 Genus Zanthosoma
                                                                 Genus Zomicarpella N.E.Br. (1881)
 Genus Zomicarpella N.E.Br. (1881)
                                                                 1 Subfamily Gymnostachydoideae
 1 Subfamily Gymnostachydoideae
                                                                 2 Subfamily Orontioideae Mayo et al. (1997)
 2 Subfamily Orontioideae Mayo et al. (1997)
                                                                 3 Subfamily Pothoideae
 3 Subfamily Pothoideae
                                                                 4 Subfamily Monsteroideae Engl.
 4 Subfamily Monsteroideae Engl.
                                                                 5 Subfamily Lasioideae
 5 Subfamily Lasioideae
                                                                 6 Subfamily Calloideae
 6 Subfamily Calloideae
                                                                 7 Subfamily Aroideaeᵀ
 7 Subfamily Aroideaeᵀ
                                                                 8 Subfamily Lemnoideae Babington (1843)
 8 Subfamily Lemnoideae Babington (1843)