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Taxon: Order Gymnophiona Rafinesque, 1814 - caecilians (amphibian)
 Entity: 

Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Amphibia

Original entries

Rhinatrematidae (Family) Nussbaum, 1977
Scolecomorphidae (Family) Taylor, 1969

Current position

Lissamphibia (Subclass) Haeckel, 1866 Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986: App. 1 (p. 622); Benton, 2005: box 4.5 (p. 98).

Alternative positions

Amphibia (Class) Gray, 1825 Ref: D.R. Frost, 2010: 22 Nov 2010.
Caeciliomorpha (Subclass) Kuhn, 1968 Ref: O. Kuhn, 1972: 68.
Lissamphibia (Infraclass) Haeckel, 1866 Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 437.
Phractamphibia (Subclass) Haeckel, 1866 Ref: E.R. Lankester, 1877: 452.

Historical positions

Lissamphibia (Infraclass) Haeckel, 1866 Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 437.
Lissamphibia (Infraclass) Haeckel, 1866 Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 394, box 4.5.
Lissamphibia (Subclass) Haeckel, 1866 Ref: 1998
modern amphibian orders ([unranked]) Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 614.
Lissamphibia (Subclass) Haeckel, 1866 Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986: App. 1 (p. 622).
Lissamphibia (Subclass) Haeckel, 1866 Ref: W.E. Duellman, 1982: 954.
Gymnophiona (Subclass) (Rafinesque, 1814) Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979
Caeciliomorpha (Subclass) Kuhn, 1968 Ref: B. Grzimek, 1973-1975
Caeciliomorpha (Subclass) Kuhn, 1968 Ref: O. Kuhn, 1972: 68.
Phractamphibia (Subclass) Haeckel, 1866 Ref: E.R. Lankester, 1877: 452.

Number of Subtaxa

2025 Available in Systema Naturae 2000 3f;33g;186s; †1f
1989-present Systema Naturae 2000: 23 Feb 2014 [3f;33g;185s]
2010 D.R. Frost: 22 Nov 2010 [3f;33g];183s
2007 D.R. Frost: 20 Mar 2007 [3f;33g];173s
2006 D.R. Frost et al. [3f;33g]
1988 R.L. Carroll: 614 [5f]
1982 W.E. Duellman 5f;33g;154s
1979 T.I. Storer et al. ~165s
©2004-2025 Universal Taxonomic Services
Last updated: 21 Sep 2025