Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Mammalia - (Order) Pholidota - (Family) Manidae

Included, by definition, in node-based clade

Manis (Clade) Linnaeus 1758 [Gaudin, Emry & Wible 2009]		Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: 251.
Pholidotamorpha (Clade) Gaudin, Emry & Wible 2009		Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: 241.

Included, by definition, in branch-based clade

Eupholidota (Clade) Gaudin, Emry & Wible 2009		Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: 245.
Manidae (Clade) Gray 1821 [Gaudin, Emry & Wible 2009]		Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: 248.
Maninae (Clade) Gray 1821 [Gaudin, Emry & Wible 2009]		Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: 251.
Manoidea (Clade) Gaudin, Emry & Wible 2009		Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: 247.
Pholidota (Clade) Weber 1904 [Gaudin, Emry & Wible 2009]		Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: 244.

Excluded, by definition, from branch-based clade

†Patriomanidae (Clade) Szalay & Schrenk 1998 [Gaudin, Emry & Wible 2009]		Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: 247.
Smutsiinae (Clade) Gray 1873 [Gaudin, Emry & Wible 2009]		Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: 253.

Original position

Manis (Genus) Linnaeus, 1758

Subsequent positions

Manis (Subgenus) Linnaeus, 1758

Current position

Manis (Manis) (Subgenus) Linnaeus, 1758

Ref: D.A. Schlitter, 2005: 531.

Alternative positions

Manis (Genus) Linnaeus, 1758

Ref: D.A. Schlitter, 1993: 415.

Historical positions

Pholidota (Clade) Weber 1904 [Gaudin, Emry & Wible 2009]	Ref: M.A. O'Leary et al., 2013: table S2 (p. 85). [rough position]
Manis (Subgenus) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: D.A. Schlitter, 2005: 531.
Manis (Genus) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: D.A. Schlitter, 1993: 415.
Manis (Genus) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: G.B. Corbet & J.E. Hill, 1991: 136.
Manis (Subgenus) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: I. Eibl-Eibesfeldt et al., 1974: 580.
Manis (Genus) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 36. [new name]

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	3ss
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 10 Oct 2014	[3ss]
2005	D.A. Schlitter: 531	[3ss]